Human impact on coral reefs

Human effect on coral reefs Human Impact On Coral Reefs In The Last 30 Years Theoretical Coral reefs are the homes that give asylum to roughly one fourth of all referred to marine species just as being the most various environments. Coral reefs are powerless against even the smallest natural changes. An audit of the writing of the most recent 30 years shows that the recurrence of human movement has increased to another level where human activities have reached out to the coral reefs on a worldwide scale. People are effectively harming the coral reef biological systems on our earth. Coral reefs are overfished, harmed by compound contamination, covered by residue, and stifled by macroalgae developing on supplement rich sewage and compost spillover. Meanwhile, a dangerous atmospheric devation and sea fermentation is a more noteworthy commitment to coral reef mortality. The principle main impetus behind the coral emergency is the proceeding with increment in human populace. These will give a weight to condition, and in the long run will affect on marine life, particularly th e coral reefs. Through the survey of the past papers, I found that from the least and most recent subject of sea fermentation to the biggest one (sedimentation and supplement enhancement), researchers are getting worried about the issue identify with carbon dioxide which brings about environmental change and sea fermentation universally, particularly in the ongoing years. Heaps of coral reef researchers have ascended to this key issue. Presentation â€Å"Coral reefs are assessed to cover 284,300 square kilometers, with the Indo-Pacific area (counting the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific) representing 91.9% of the aggregate. Southeast Asia represents 32.3% of that figure, while the Pacific including Australia represents 40.8%. Atlantic and Caribbean coral reefs just record for 7.6% of world total†. (Spalding, M., Ravilious, C., and Green, E. (2001). World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC) It is accounted for that Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Fiji contain practically over portion of the universes reefs. It is presently commonly recognized that coral reefs are among the most compromised worldwide biological systems, and among the most fundamental (Costanza et al. 1997; Bryant et al. 1998; Boesch et al. 2000; Reaser et al. 2000; Wilkinson 2000). Be that as it may, one of the forthcoming emergencies is a significant danger of death of corals and huge scope harm of coral reefs in everywhere throughout the world. This emergency is incompletely a consequence of the recurrence of human exercises which are negatively affecting marine biological systems, particularly on coral reef environments. An investigation from 1998 demonstrated that coral reefs the world over were influenced by human exercises (Lauretta B. et al. 1998, Fig. 2). The investigation demonstrated the general extent of reefs in danger in five locales, with Southeast Asia having the most elevated zone in danger. This wonder most likely is identified with the overfishing around there which prompts coral reefs being at the most noteworthy hazard contrasted with the remainder of the world. It is realized that the present circumstance is legitimately or by implication predictable with human exercises. Notwithstanding, the inquiry remains that to what degree has human movement changed the coral reef biological systems? So in this report, I would utilize ISI web database to look through articles identified with coral reefs emergency. Essentially, I will attempt to respond to this inquiry. To do this I will talk about the different dangers to coral reef, including overfishing and fish live exchange issue, contamina tion including earthly overflow, substance mixes and sedimentation, and macroalgae abundance which is causing by supplement enhancement under the seawater, and an unnatural weather change and sea fermentation which add to coral infection and coral mortality. Effects Of Overfishing It makes certain about that overfishing as a rule is a harming issue to numerous coral reefs far and wide. In this field, it is demonstrated that researchers researched in the subject of overfishing and fish exchange was expanding since 1990. (Figure 3) As of late, because of human impedance on coral reefs, coral mortality is higher than any time in recent memory. At the point when this happens, the green growth promptly accept this open door for development, which brings about seedlings of coral not having the option to connect to the reef. This kind of occasion features the significant job of herbivorous fish on the rebuilding of coral reefs. However, on the off chance that herbivorous coral reef fish are caught in enormous numbers, ethnic gatherings are hard to recoup. In this circumstance, macroalgae keeps on congesting, and restrains the development of corals. For instance, The Caribbean area has been hit especially hard, with 40% of supreme coral spread lost since the late 1970s due to overfishing and macroalgae excess (Gardner et al. 2003). So a few creators contend that overfishing is a significant motivation behind why reef corals have declined as of late. (Aronson et al. 2006) Be that as it may, overfishing has additionally been because of the improvement of worldwide angling innovation, and an assortment of cutting edge hardware is utilized in the misuse of angling. Countless fish becomes terminated every year. Because of cutting edge angling innovation, the universes yearly catch of fish is proceeding to rise. In reality, on one hand, expanded angling will give adequate worldwide gracefully of fish items. Be that as it may, simultaneously, the expansion in fisheries creation will diminish the worldwide normal cost of fish in the worldwide market, and this decrease will prompt the decrease of angling benefits, which thus will drive an increment in gets once more, eventually prompting an endless loop in fisheries. Then again, enormous scope angling can prompt the sharp decrease in fish populace. Without predators, green growth can congest and stifle coral enlistment. Despite the fact that, a few researchers contend that these green growth are not legitimat ely slaughtering corals. Actually, they are contending with corals in the space and admission of light. So without light, corals will pass on in the end because of corals can not get supplements to endure. (Figure 4) Contamination A significant danger other than the overexploitation of fishery assets is without a doubt the solid increment in seaside improvement, and release of untreated sewage into the close shore waters, bringing about huge measures of supplements spreading into the ocean and beach front zones (Burke et al., 2002; Wilkinson, 2002; Brown et al., 2006; UNEP, 2006). For instance, around 60% of the wastewater released into the Caspian Sea is untreated, in Latin America and the Caribbean the figure is near 80%, and in huge pieces of Africa and the Indo-Pacific the extent is as high as 80-90% (UNEP, 2006). Horticultural run-off to the sea, Nitrogen fares to the marine condition is anticipated to increment at any rate 14% all inclusive by 2030 (UNEP, 2006). During the previous 30 years, an ever increasing number of researchers were on to the issues of sedimentation and supplement improvement and substance contamination and oil slicks. It is demonstrated that a major number of themes on contamination and supplement improvement, etc. (Figure 5 and 6) Fundamentally, the researchers needed to see how did sedimentation and supplement advancement and compound contamination and oil slicks sway on the corals? There are different systems by which these variables can hurt coral reefs. Above all else, suspended residue makes water turbid which permits less daylight to infiltrate the water. With less daylight, zooxanthellae which live inside the corals tissue can not photosynthesize to create natural supplements that help the corals to flourish. What's more, it is realized that zooxanthellae are delicate to substance changes (Parker et al. 2008). In modern wastewater and cultivating spillover, there are consistently substance mixes which can make zooxanthellae poisonous to corals just as on account of oil slicks. So to ensure themselves, corals need to discharge the zooxanthellae (Parker et al. 2008). After a period in this circumstance, corals will kick the bucket. Besides, cultivating close to the coast brings about enormous amounts of s ilt and soil going into ocean and onto coral reefs. This soil, residue or sand can make water sloppy, covering the corals (Rogers 1990). Likewise, the utilization of composts for cultivating is another issue bringing about expanded supplement stream into the sea. The release human sewage prompts the supplement improvement in specific regions, particularly in the estuary, which may bring about fast development of green growth which as referenced before they will outcompete corals, removing the gracefully of light also. Sea Acidification Around there, it is demonstrated that an ever increasing number of moderates were fascinating in sea fermentation as of late (Figure 7). It appears to be another field that researchers have just centered around only 7 years prior. It may be researchers mindful of the issue of fermentation rising, which is presently seeing that corrosive level rising has an effect on coral reefs. Sea fermentation is identified with the carbon dioxide being discharged in to the air and responding with seawater. The grouping of carbon dioxide in the Earths climate presently surpasses 380 ppm, which is more than 80 ppm over the most extreme estimations of the previous 740,000 years (Petit et al. 1999; EPICA people group individuals, Nature. 2004). Carbon dioxide responds with water to shape a powerless corrosive H2CO3, which brings about corrosive levels expanding in the expanses of the world. Sea fermentation is a momentum key issue that every single marine creature need to confront, particularly coral reefs. As past referenced that corals get natural supplements from a mutualistic symbiont zooxanthellae to develop. These green growth are delicate to corrosive ascending in the seawater. In the event that the natural conditions are changing, corals will discharge green growth and go to white, a marvel known as coral dying. A dangerous atmospheric devation Regarding an Earth-wide temperature boost, corals are touchy to the abrupt temperature changing too, which implies the difference in temperature is a factor makes their photosynthetic procedure separate. At the point when this

Universal Design

Question 1 I) The present state and degree of all inclusive plan in the inside structure practice. The twentieth century had carried significant social changes as for common and human rights. Clinical advances during this period implied that the enduring a physical issue or sickness was far more noteworthy. Numerous individuals were living longer and the normal future of individuals with serious hindrances was expanding as well. Along these lines numerous legislatures in created nation reacted with the presentation of equivalent rights and hostile to separation enactment to help this gathering of individuals particularly in manufactured condition (place for phenomenal in UD, 2008).In line with that Malaysia’s government is likewise moving towards a similar objective where the main activity taken required a 1993 alteration in the Uniform structure by-laws (UBBL) expressed that new advancements have need to join widespread structure into the structure plan. Comparative activity taken by the branch of norms Malaysia, through SIRIM Bhd, on amending two of the current Malaysian guidelines (MS) to improve openness for all. They are ms 1184: 2002: code of training for access of impaired people to open structures (first correction) and MS 1331: 2002: code of training for access of incapacitated people outside structures (first revision).After all, both had been converged into another archive called all inclusive plan and availability in the assembled condition: code of training (second modification). Those corrections and update is relevant to new and existing structures. Under the corrected UBBL, new designers needed to follow existing principles so as to improve all inclusive access. To the extent scientist worry, as expressed by pioneer of updating Malaysian standard Asiah (2006), the modified principles is more toward rules on highlights, from traffic islands and pathways to entryway handles and taps, referenced from global all inclusive structure norms in c reated countries.Which she recognized that it has been hard to consolidate the ideal highlights inside existing structures in Malaysia, yet government focused on that the structures ought to at any rate give fundamental comforts, for example, slopes and toilets for the debilitated, and lifts with braille catches for the visually impaired, just as voice initiation (Asiah, 2006). Then again, from scientist perception those alterations and updating law and act are mean for open spaces and foundation building which legitimately concentrating on unique gathering of clients, for example, debilitate and more seasoned people.For that reason, hence none or less inside architect delicate or attempt to use the built up guideline in their training because of no authorization from government. This was happen on the grounds that the guideline and standard are mean or have been set up for uncommon gathering of individuals just, for example, for handicap individuals and all the more generally shoul d be execute in the open structures as it were. With this sign it indicated that most planners and clients are not prepared to acknowledge that open and usable highlights are for everyone and they will in general observe those guideline and standard are something that will include the expense of the project.With this misguided judgment, the inside structure practice is scarcely to be change since architects can't relate about plan and the idea of person. Opposite with widespread plan (UD) approach that have been coin by Ron Mace that in structuring for clients, we ought to accept the wide scope of human capacity is standard, not uncommon (Ostroff, 2001). This is on the grounds that, in spite of cripple and more established individuals, clients particularly those utilized the inside space are not homogenous gathering which comprise different physical capacities (Story and Mueller, 2002).This can be see from the world measurement that populace today is significantly more expand from t he past, where numerous individuals made due from genuine sickness and mishap. Besides the declining richness and death rates are higher and it adds to the increments of the total populace. In this manner this move of segment change multifacetedly affects the general public especially in connection of utilization of the inside structure. On the outline of Malaysia’s measurement in year 2005, Malaysia has been named a maturing country (branch of measurement, Malaysia 2006). The quantity of old resident ascent to 1. 7 million (7. percent of the populace) and by year 2020, Malaysia will be an adult society with 9. 5 percent of the populace matured 60 or more (branch of measurement, Malaysia 2000). This measurement implies that 1. 4 million more established individuals today will be more than twofold in their numbers in 16 years time. Those individuals are the â€Å"real users† and they are dynamic individual that utilized the inside space and request the space to be bolst er their every day exercises through their life course. The wonder of changing physical capacities identified with age and inabilities are something that everyone will understanding during life course (Etchell and Yelding, 2004).Therefore considering various clients is noteworthy in giving a superior living space to all as opposed to isolated them. Be that as it may, in inside plan practice today, much of the time planners are slanted to structure for a generalization of clients that know as a â€Å"average people†. Which result the fabricated conditions implies for clients with explicit capacity run just that take part in explicit ways of life that forestall or limit the exercises of others outside of the focused on gathering of occupants (Kreinbrook, 2007).Nevertheless until today, through scientist perception the execution of new guideline and standard explicitly in inside plan is as yet moving moderate where numerous inside creators doesn't mindful about the appropriate o f using and consolidate UD in configuration practice explicitly during configuration process in obliging assorted clients. Through scientist perception and experience this happen due to two significant reasons; right off the bat on the grounds that there is less touchy responsiveness identified with worldwide issue, for example, on segment change among inside designers.And the subsequent factor is on the old fashioned of thought in their structure practice that have been go from age to the cutting edge which become a focal root in planning. To be intricate more on the primary explanation, analyst accepted that segment design is extremely fundamental for inside creator so as to comprehend the market request in structure. This is on the grounds that from that point on, the marker of the â€Å"real users† can be set up. From the â€Å"real users† pointer the arrangement and activity during configuration process in making a superior living condition to all will be progress ively adequate and effective in supporting their day by day activities.The second explanation that causes low enthusiasm on new plan worldview explicitly UD is a direct result of old way of thinking among inside creator. Ordinarily, creators are still sums up clients into two distinct gatherings, for example, â€Å"average† and â€Å"disable† individuals. With this perspective, plan has been separated to standard practice and unique structure prerequisite practice where the UBBL and Malaysian standard is alluded. Opposite significance of UD which endeavors to be a wide range arrangement that helps everybody, not simply individuals with disabilities.Moreover, UD perceives a wide scope of buyers and they attempt to remember everybody for structure. The act of UD as expressed by kose (2009) have a comprehensive view that when thought about incapacitate or older individual in plan, it will profit to others gathering of individuals as well. Along these lines by think about different clients in configuration process, the usable and open living condition will be increments and nobody is been rejected or isolate from the framework. Moreover, as expressed by Imrie (2006) none of person can be portrayed as a normal all through life course.This is on the grounds that individuals are developing more seasoned ordinary, they become impermanent debilitate as a result of disorder, mishap, broken appendage, genuine sickness and experience pregnancy (Imrie, 2006). Those changing physical standards and capacities are depicting a nature of individual nobody has control on that. Next to the issue talk about above, on the off chance that we take a gander at the example of one living space in Malaysia it most likely been busy with least of or possibly one relative. Where the relatives are comprises of grown-up, youngsters, and at some point been visit by their more established parent or impair friend.Those markers of different sorts of clients are portraying we all tha t utilized the living condition. Corresponding with business spaces as well, which clients and guests are come in different size and physical capacities as well. Those surprising guests will utilize a similar living space and civilities with others. Taking into account that, scientist comprehended it is unbendable to consider just explicit gathering of clients during configuration process where the present reality is going to general arrangement in plan for all people.Therefore an old fashioned of thought explicitly on the classes of clients is inconsequential any longer in today practice. Along these lines, inside structure field requests an upset in planning and thinking to consolidate new structure worldview such UD as a feature of the training so as to have an elective method to switch over from old fashioned of thought to new move of reasoning that regard assorted clients. An outcome of looking comprehensively to â€Å"diverse users† in making inside plan is critical in testing the inside structure practice today. Thusly this examination is going to.Yet through analyst experience, a significant number of inside originators particularly in Malaysia are as yet unconscious about the effect of segment change to the structure business particularly in inside plan. tragically, as revealed by Harrison and Parker (2003), this is happen in light of the fact that there are profoundly established issues in the psyches of those liable for the plan of the fabricated condition, where the incorporation of human neighborly highlights is envision as an essential yet not genuine endeavor or late to

Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans

Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans PTSD PTSD and the Military Print Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans By K. Kris Hirst Updated on January 23, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Brian W. Downs / Getty Images Using open-source data from a federal project digitizing medical records on veterans of the American Civil War (1860-1865) called the Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death Project, researchers have identified an increased risk of post-war illness among Civil War veterans, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, and mental diseases throughout their lives. In a project partly funded by the National Institutes of Aging, military service files from a total of 15,027 servicemen from 303 companies of the Union Army stored at the United States National Archives were matched to pension files and surgeons reports of multiple health examinations. A total of 43 percent of the men had mental health problems throughout their lives, some of which are today recognized as related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most particularly affected were men who enlisted at ages under 17. Roxane Cohen Silver and colleagues at the University of California, Irvine published their results in the February 2006 issue of Archives of General Psychiatry. Studies of PTSD and War Studies of PTSD to date have connected war experiences to the recurrence of mental health problems and physical health problems such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders. These studies have not had access to long-term health impacts since they have been focused on veterans of recent conflicts. Researchers studying the impact of modern conflict participation report that the factors increasing the risk of later health issues include age at enlistment, intimate exposure to violence, prisoner of war status and having been wounded. The Trauma of the American Civil War The Civil War was a particularly traumatic conflict for American soldiers. Army soldiers commonly enlisted at quite young ages; between 15 and 20 percent of the Union army soldiers enlisted between the ages of 9 and 17. Each of the Union companies was made up of 100 men assembled from regional neighborhoods, and thus often included family members and friends. Large company losses--75 percent of companies in this sample lost between five and 30 percent of their personnel--nearly always meant the loss of family or friends. The men readily identified with the enemy, who in some cases represented family members or acquaintances. Finally, close-quarter conflict, including hand-to-hand combat without trenches or other barriers, was a common field tactic during the Civil War. To quantify trauma experienced by Civil War soldiers, researchers used a variable derived from percent of the company lost to represent relative exposure to trauma. Researchers found that in military companies with a larger percentage of soldiers killed, the veterans were 51 percent more likely to have the cardiac, gastrointestinal, and nervous disease. The Link Between Age and Poor Health After War The study found that the youngest soldiers (ages 9-17 at enlistment) were 93% more likely than the oldest (ages 31 or older) to experience both mental and physical disease. The younger soldiers were also more likely to show signs of cardiovascular disease alone and in conjunction with gastrointestinal conditions and were more likely to die early. Former POWs had an increased risk of combined mental and physical problems as well as early death. One problem the researchers grappled with was comparing diseases as they were recorded during the latter half of the 19th century to todays recognized diseases. Post-traumatic stress syndrome was not recognized by doctorsâ€"although they did recognize that veterans exhibited an extreme level of nervous disease that they labeled irritable heart syndrome. Children and Adolescents in Combat Harvard psychologist  Roger Pitman, writing in an editorial in the publication, writes that the impact on younger soldiers should be of immediate concern, since their immature nervous systems and diminished capacity to regulate emotion give even greater reason to shudder at the thought of children and adolescents serving in combat. Although disease identification is not one-to-one, said senior researcher Roxane Cohen Silver, Ive been studying how people cope with traumatic life experiences of all kinds for twenty years and these findings are quite consistent with an increasing body of literature on the physical and mental health consequences of traumatic experiences. Boston University psychologist Terence M. Keane, Director of the  National Center for PTSD, commented that this remarkably creative study is timely and extremely valuable to our understanding of the  long-term  effects of combat experiences. Joseph Boscarino, Senior Investigator at  Geisinger Health System, added There are a few detractors that say that PTSD [Post-traumatic stress disorder] does not exist or has been exaggerated. Studies such as these are making it difficult to ignore the long-term effects of war-related psychological trauma.

Is Albert Desalvo An American Sex Offender - 906 Words

Albert DeSalvo was an American sex offender who displayed a history of mental issues that stemmed from being introduced to criminal and sexual acts as an adolescent. In February of 1965, DeSalvo was committed to Bridgewater State Hospital until further instruction by the court. Albert DeSalvo exhibited â€Å"one of the most shocking sexual drives that psychiatric science has ever encountered† (Anglin, 1967). Before each of the alleged murders of DeSalvo, a burning sensation, described as â€Å"little explosions†, would emerge within the individual motivating him to commit the heinous crimes. The conclusion of the research on this odious individual, the criminal patterns exhibited, and the contributing factors leading up to the criminal behavior are quite significant in the field of criminology and psychology. As a criminology and psychology major, I highlight the importance of the influence of each department on the other which is the reason why I chose to focus on this individual. In many instances, the application of psychological elements to criminological components are necessary to gain a meticulous understanding and build precise theories. The main instance is creating a connection with violence or criminal behavior and mental illness to validate previous theories pertaining to this topic. In the case of Albert DeSalvo, a great mixture of psychology and criminology were applied in order to determine the motivation behind the individual’s criminal behavior, display theShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System Biased? Law Enforcement2004 Words   |  9 Pageslocation, and demographic or biographic descriptors of an offender based on the characteristics of a particular crime† (para.1). Simply explained, specialists such as crime scene investigators look at the crime and try to fit a suspect to that crime based on a number of factors. Those factors could be what the crime scene looks like, the victim, and the area where the crim e was committed. Based on those factors a profiler could predict who the offender may be and additional information regarding personality

The Correlation Between Domestic Violence And Post...

The Correlation Between Domestic Violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Domestic violence is a horrific circumstance that is an ongoing issue to the public health of the world. Affecting the lives of millions annually by psychologically crippling the minds of the affected through chronic exposure to abuse. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (2014), 1.3 million women are subjected to this devastating situation. â€Å"No such global estimate was applicable for men† (Trevillion, Oram, Feder, Howard, 2012). Stated by (Trevillion, Oram, Feder, Howard, 2012) that prolonged duration of an abusive relationship marks the onset and duration of mental disorders such as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. Women affected by continuous abuse by their partner are three to five times more likely to experience PTSD symptoms than the general population. (Rose et al., 2010). With time an abused women level of depression decrease with lessened abuse, but PTSD continues long after the abuse has stopped. According to Rose et al. (2010) â€Å"66% of the abused women continued to have symptoms of PTSD despite being absent from the abusive relationship for an average of nine years (range 2-23)†. Individuals particularly women affected by domestic violence indicate a high correlation of diagnosed PTSD clients. Justifying the need to give support to the victims of domestic violence and continue to seek further understanding of PTSD. By identifying children being exposedShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 PagesHow does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on childrenRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment For War Veterans1564 Words   |  7 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder treatment for war veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that may develop after experiencing or seeing a traumatic or a brutal life threatening event. It is increasingly on the rise in war veterans. For those with PTSD only 53 percent have seen physicians or a mental health care provider. And for those who sought out care, roughly only 50 percent received adequate treatment when returning from combat. Although there are many treatmentsRead MoreDepression : The Most Common Type Of Mental Disorder1126 Words   |  5 Pagespartner violence in many families; however, the adverse effect of the abuse on its victims is more troubling (Kim Kahng, 2011). Depression is the most common type of mental disorder that victims of intimate partner violence suffer from (Kim Kahng, 2011). Statistics Canada (2014) reported that in addition to physical abuse, victims also suffer from psychological effects consistent with mental health disorders. Furthermore, the increase in psychological abuse in intimate partner violence increasesRead MoreBattered Women Syndrome1311 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is often perceived as males projecting physical abuse to female victims which overlooks the psychological abuse that they also experience (Carlson and Worden, 2005). Jill is a domestic violence survivor who filed a restraining order against her husband. 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Historically, the feminist movement preserved the theory that domestic violence is a growing matter because of the continuous power differential between the male gender and the female gender. Remarkably, this approach on domestic disputes unveiled the innerRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On The Lives Of People Around Them2774 Words   |  12 Pagesa form of domestic violence, which is all too common in American families. â€Å"Intimate partner violence is one of the most common causes of injury in women. In several large studies in US accident and emergency departments, 11-30% of injured women whose mechanisms of injury and relationship to the perpetrator had been recorded had been battered† (Campbell, 2002, p. 1331). In almost 20 percent of all marriages, couples slap, shove, hit, or otherwise assault each otherâ₠¬  (Domestic Violence, n.d.). Read MoreDomestic Violence and What It Takes to Break Free1301 Words   |  5 Pagestime!†, reports Lilly, a prior victim of domestic violence. Nevertheless, Lilly is not the only to have suffered from domestic violence. As a matter of fact, according to The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, â€Å"more than 1 in 3 women (35.6%) and more than 1 in four men (28.5%) in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime.†(2010, pg. 2) Many people find domestic violence difficult to understand because its usuallyRead MoreSocial Issues In The Glass Castle702 Words   |  3 Pageswere several different social issues to be presented in this movie (Cretton 2017). These issues that Jeannette has to overcome are the medical problems, the horrid living conditions, homeliness, the witness of alcohol abuse of her father, the domestic violence, sexual abuse of her brother, lack of education and the hunger the whole family faced. Poverty is referred to as the lack to provide for one person’s basic needs like food, medical attention, shelter and clothing. This movie really shows the

Accomplishing Goals Free Essays

Donnaree Allison I have always been told the choices I make now are going to determine my future. Everyone goes through a struggle and I have had my fair share, but no matter how hard I knew exactly what I wanted. I wanted to succeed. We will write a custom essay sample on Accomplishing Goals or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was struggling in High School and decided to give up. It didn’t take long for me to realize this is not what I wanted. By dropping out of High School I wasn’t succeeding. I thought to myself how could I accomplish any of the goals I set for myself? So I decided to enroll in Job Corps and attained my G. E. D within two months. That wasn’t enough. I wanted to go to college. Choosing a college was hard. Then it dawned on me what better college than the one my mom attended, and so I chose Monroe. Goal is a very important subject for me. I have already planned and completed some of my goals, which improved me a lot, however, my long time goals in the future are not easy as the past; it will take a longer time to complete and will be the most challenging mission for me, but with determination and hard work I will pull through. The first thing I am doing is complete my education. I plan to put my best foot forward excelling through each college course. I want to absorb as many learning opportunities and experiences as possible. In conclusion no matter how old or young one is; it is never too late or too early to start working towards an educational goal in becoming a college graduate! Like My Mother always said it is only the lack of belief in ourselves that stops us from achieving those things and it is only through our own understanding, ability and perseverance that we see them become realities until then, they are little more than visions in a crystal ball, with no chance of development. How to cite Accomplishing Goals, Essay examples

The Sacred and the Profane free essay sample

The Sacred and the Profane analyzes a wide variety of components that are found within various world religions. Eliade uses the history of religion to support his ideas as the the book itself is a brief introduction to religion as a whole, particulary the religions of primitive societies. Nonetheless, when looking to the past one can see that mankind’s desire to associate itself with the sacred has been occuring for thousands of years. From temples to passages of intiation, religious man is a unique microcosm that follows and repeats the structure of the religious macrocosm, the creation of the cosmos. One can conclude that Eliade views religion as the â€Å"paradigmatic solution for every existential crisis. † (p210) and furthermore, the solution that bridges the gap between this world and another, giving meaning and purpose to the profane existential life of mankind. From this standpoint, it can be determined that the belief of the sacred, specifically the paradigmatic making of the cosmos, does indeed set the framework for religious life in this world via sacred space, time, and experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sacred and the Profane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Space according to Eliade, can either be heterogeneous or homogenous. For the profane nonreligious man, it is obviously an endless homogenous plane with little meaning but for the religious man, it proves to be a sacred heterogeneous plane. Sacred space is founded on the idea of the cosmos emerging from the primordial chaos via the power of the gods. Religious man’s need to be in an â€Å"organized world† (p44) facilitates this notion of the cosmos being created and the establishing of sacred spaces to worship gods. Along with this, the desire to be at a specific part of the world sees humans choosing to be closer to their gods from the area which they believe the world was created, the center. Sacred spaces take shape from there, representing some form of identification to the gods and the heavens. Temples, altars, churches and similar structures are built to serve as sacred areas, particularly as a means to communicate with gods and to be in their presence. The want to be closer and within contact of the gods also extends to the foundation and settling of towns and villages, repeating the original creation of the cosmos. Building a mere house or dwelling symbolizes the cosmic creation again as it displays man’s religious want to be at the center of the world and nearer to his gods. Everything made or constructed is modeled after the forming of the cosmos, and thus evolves from the center outward. Sacred space then for mankind is â€Å"ritually reactualizing the paradigmatic act of Creation. † (p64) The overall function would be the acknowledgement of a real apprehensible world, made possible by the gods, and to recreate it, be it through a temple designed specifically to communicate with gods or within an individual’s home. Sacred space provides an area that is a tangible part of the cosmos yet also repeats the creation myth, tying mankind together with the gods. Sacred time then follows the creation of the cosmos and the moment upon which all life began and rose from the primordial chaos. Religious festivals and ceremonies symbolize this birth of the cosmos, specifically the celebration of the New Year. The annual repetition of creation (p77) symbolizes death and rebirth, a changing from old to new. When religious man participates in this event, he too becomes associated with the moment upon which the cosmos are again formed for the New Year by the gods and for he too is also born anew. p80) He is free of previous faults and his rebirth echoes that of the original cosmogonic myth. Festivals, ceremonies, and even pilgrimages help reiterate this idea, emphasizing on themes of rebirth, renewal, and keeping alive the cosmogonic myth as well as other myths and events which the gods and culture heroes did in the past. Repeating them again allows man to be closer to his gods and man’s nostalgia for the â€Å"time of origin. † (p94) Th is signifies a want to live alongside the gods, mainly around the time of creation when the world was pure and new. The participation in these events and overall repetition enforces the religious content and provides an optimistic vision of existence and eventual transcendence for the participant. It provides a break from a temporal and profane duration of time and into a sacred time of importance and meaning for a religion and its followers. Religious experience then would fall into the personal realm of man himself and how he perceives the world around him. Nature provides a chief component in primitive religious man’s view of the cosmos and his gods. The sky houses the gods, remote although it may be, natural phenomenon such as thunder and rain gave primitive and early religious man the reasoning to place his gods above him in the intangible heavens as such natural occurrences were due in part to the supernatural beings dwelling in the skies. Alongside the sky, the observation of the transition of the moon and sun (night and day) signify death and rebirth. Water too plays a symbolic part in human experience and although it has a powerful capability to destroy life, it also reiterates the cosmogonic cycle, especially with the practice of baptism where water renews life. p132) Earth itself is also linked to the human experience of child birth with females. The idea of a â€Å"Terra Mater† or mother earth (p138) symbolizes the idea of the earth reproducing its vegetation-based life in comparison to the experience of mother giving birth of her children. Physiological acts such as the sexual union of humans also is displayed in the religious forming of the natural world, the joining of both heaven (man) and earth (woman). The human body too with its physiological experiences also can be applied as a symbol to the cosmogonic myth. As in some Indian religions the spinal column represents the cosmic pillar and the heart or navel as the center of the world, all of which are previously established ideas that connect back to the cosmogonic myth. (p173) The anticipation and experience surrounding death also brings about unique beliefs that relate back to the cosmogonic myth of creation. Burials within the soil bring about the â€Å"religious experience of autochthony† (p140) along with rebirth and ensuring a continuation of the cycle of life. Other religions relate this with the idea that the deceased ascend to the sky, considering some rituals consist of cutting holes in the roof of a dwelling to allow souls to pass on through. (p179) Sacred experience also manifests itself in various rites of passage and initiation processes. Men and women’s societies combine religious elements with physiological experiences such as puberty and birth. Initiation and death also has this structure with the ultimate goal being rebirth after an individual has left this life after their death. They all follow the same structure of the cosmogonic myth in that it produces a spiritual rebirth, be it after a group initiation or the end of life itself. â€Å"Man constantly re-performs the cosmogony† (p197) and as such, will earn a new birth as result from their religion. Sacred space, time, and experience basically all compliment each other in that they follow the same structure of the cosmogonic myth. A continual cycle of birth, death, and rebirth is prevalent in all major religions. Sacred space connects humans with their gods via physical buildings, temples, towns, and other structures. The creation of sacred space is a microcosm to the bigger macrocosm of the cosmogonic myth. Sacred time emphasizes the â€Å"origin of time†, the moment the cosmos were created and the desire to celebrate and continue the rebirth of the New Year. Festivals and rituals help keep the myths alive as well as keeping humans synched in time with their gods via the myth. Sacred experiences then add the personal element to connecting with the gods and following the creation myths. This includes elements of nature, physiological experiences, and rites of passages on an individual level to bolster one’s spiritual life with the desired end result being a transcending rebirth. The functions they serve all essentially go directly back to the cosmogonic myth which provides the crucial framework for primitive religions and a foundation for modern religions too. The idea of having sacred space, time, and experiences gives a heightened sense of meaning, purpose, and connection to a religion.

Sammy The Bull Gravano essays

Sammy The Bull Gravano essays Salvatore Gravano was born on March 12,1945, the son of Caterina and Giorlando, otherwise known as Kay and Gerry, both from Sicily. Kay came over as a child while Gerry came through from Canada as an illegal alien. Salvatore was the last of five children born to the couple. While Salvatore was a child the family dropped the name Salvatore and opted for Sammy because the child reminded everyone of an uncle with the same name. Sammy and his family lived on 78th Street in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn, New York. At an early age, Sammy was dyslexic, while attending Public School 186 in Brooklyn Sammy began his hate for authority and love for crime. As Sammy struggled with his problems of reading and writing whenever he was teased he would resort to violence by hitting anyone who teased him. Sammy received a new bicycle for his 10th birthday due to his carelessness it was stolen from him by two older and bigger kids who were noticed riding it a few days later. Sammy angered over his new present being stolen quickly ran up to the boys and beat them both up. Around the corner were a few wise guys of a local mob who witnessed it all and ran over to stop the boys. After Sammy was pulled away and the older beat up boys were demanded to leave one wise guy asked the other if he had noticed how Sammy was acting like a bull in that fight, the other soldier agreed and Sammy was granted his nickname The Bull at an early age of 10. As Sammy grew older he began to help out at his parents small garment factory. The Gravano family did not enjoy union help so they went with only non-union workers. A while after this decision a few men came in to the factory and told Gerry Gravano that if he kept operating without union workers he would need to start making payoffs. Sammy angered by the threat and his hot temper made him restless. Sammys dad tried to calm him down but could only do so much. Gerry Grava...

Beginning Perl Tutorial on Foreach Loop

Beginning Perl Tutorial on Foreach Loop The foreach loop is a control structure thats tailor-made to process Perl lists and hashes. Just like the for loop, foreach steps through each element of an array using an iterator. How to Step Through an Array in Perl With Foreach Rather than using a scaler as an iterator,  foreach uses the array itself. For example: You see that this gives the same output as printing the array myNames in its entirety: If all you want is to dump out the contents of the list, you could just print  it. In that case, use the foreach loop to make the output a bit more readable. Youll see that this code creates cleaner output by printing a new line after each item in the list. A Cleaner Foreach Loop The previous example used $_ to print each element of the list. Using this default implied scalar ($_) makes for shorter code and less typing, but it isnt always the best solution. If youre aiming for a highly readable code or if your  foreach  loop is complex, you might be better off assigning a  scalar  as your iterator. There are only two differences: the scalar $name between the  foreach  and the list and the replacement of the default scalar with it inside the loop. The output is exactly the same, but the code is slightly cleaner. Keep in mind: A  foreach  loop is a Perl control structure.It is used to step through each  element of an array.

Addictions Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Addictions Theory - Essay Example To expound on these observations, Tiffany created a cognitive model, which maintains that cognitive processing by humans incorporates both non-automated and automated processes. Tiffany’s theory is the most accurate because as she puts it, the automatic process is usually characterized by performance of the task being fast, the behavior is usually elicited by specific stimuli, the behavior is very difficult to inhibit, easy to carry out, and can be conducted without significant conscious awareness (Thombs & Osborn, 2013). This is one of the best ways of explaining relapse mostly because the automated part of the theory that maintains a task being performed fast and being difficult to inhibit expounds one side of relapse, which is correct. Tiffany goes ahead to suggest an example of the automated where she maintains that an individual can drive a vehicle to a familiar destination without the requirement of much awareness. In a similar instance, the automated process can lead to a compulsive drug administration on one’s self, which could be drug injection, alcohol use or smoking. This adds to Tiffany’s theory and makes it stronger. Moreover, with continued acquisition and administration of the drug, the process becomes automated, as consumption becomes a behavior, which is generated by automated cognitive processes. The drug use action-plan expounds on this issue in sequential and over time behaviors of using the drug becomes integrated within an individual in that it is efficient and effortless. This provides a clear explanation on why the administration of the drug or alcohol becomes so easy to the point that individuals are no longer keen in what they are doing. Tiffany’s model becomes more effective because it expounds on the idea of urge generation. To explain urge generation, Tiffany uses the non-automated cognitive process. Since an urge does not develop abruptly, Tiffany attempts to explain how it

Planning, preparing and creating a Business Research Paper

Planning, preparing and creating a Business - Research Paper Example â€Å"An effective work environment is vital to the success of small businesses and large corporations alike†. Business environments have been changed a lot in the recent past because of Globalization, Privatization and Liberalization. It is easy for an entrepreneur to set up business in overseas countries easily at present because of the changing business environment. In other words, before starting a business, an entrepreneur should evaluate the possibility of competition not only from the domestic firms, but also from international firms as well. The business idea should be selected after the careful evaluation of all internal and external parameters of business. The fluctuations in world economy in the recent past have affected almost all types of businesses badly. The waves of recession not only created problems to poor countries or developing countries, but it has created big problems to even developed economies like America Britain etc. Before starting a business in the changing business environment, an entrepreneur should take extreme precautions. This paper analyses various dimensions of starting a business like planning, preparing etc. Lots of people have very good business ideas, but they often fail to implement their business ideas successfully because of the poor planning and implementation. Many people stay away from because of the financial constraints even though they have better business idea. As stated in the earlier, money is the last thing required to start a business. It is not necessary that a person with enough financial capabilities may become good entrepreneurs; at the same time there are many successful stories of entrepreneurs who started their business without enough financial resources. Innovative business ideas and proper implementation of the business ideas at the right place at the right time with the help of the right people are the major success factors of a business. The entrepreneur should be accurate and realistic while presenting of his business to the public (Start Up Planning). Conceptualization of business is an important aspect as far as an entrepreneur is concerned. The meaning of business, product/services, customers etc should be well defined before the start of the business. The entrepreneurs should find answers to the following questions before starting a business; what business are we in? What do we want to do? What are we committed to? What results do we want to achieve? The answers to these questions help shaping the mission and the vision of a business before starting it. Shaping a mission and a vision helps the small business owner to remain focused and this will bring results in his work. The mission and vision should be fully understandable and viable to the customers since it is the customer who ultimately decides the success and failures of a business. For example, in order to start a baby cloth store, the vision and mission should be focussed entirely on the wellbeing of the babies. The vision should offer complete comfort and a germ free, healthy dressing experience to the babies. It should ensure protection of the babies from the changing climate conditions. Moreover the vision should ensure cheap price along with better quality of the products, as these are the two main factors mostly the customers are looking for. â€Å"If you’re thinking about starting a small business, you should start by weighing the pros and cons, so that you can make a wise decision†

Biography On Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar A Man of Great Stature Julius Caesar was a strong leader of the Romans who changed the course of the history for the Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength, he created a strong empire and guided the empire for almost 20 years. His life was short, but had many adventures. I will tell of some of this man’s remarkable life. He did many things, therefore, I will only discuss a few. His name, part of his reign, one of his greatest battles, and his death will be told. Julius Caesar was born on the 13th day of the month Quintilis (now July) in the year of 100 B.C. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar, the same as his father's name. Gaius was his given name and Julius was his surname. Caesar was the name of one branch of the Julian family. Its original meaning was "hairy.† Caesar's family was not prominent, but they claimed to be descended from Venus as well as the kings of Alba Langa. In spite of that fiction, Caesar was well connected through his relatives and received some important government assignments during his youth. Julius Caesar was the dictator of Rome from 61-44 BC. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was only beginning. Caesar made his way to be considered a head of Rome by 62 BC, but many of the senate felt him a dangerous, ambitious man. The senate did their best to keep him out of consulship. He finally became consul in 59 BC. In Caesar, they saw only the threat of a king, a word that was l inked with the word â€Å"tyrant† that is cruel or unjust rule. One of Caesar’s greatest victories in battle was just after he had gained control over the lands of Bituriges, Vercingetorix. He started to lead his army to the Boii oppidum of Gorgobina, another city under his control. On the way, he stopped his troops at Vellaundunum, oppidum of the Senones, and set up siege. He did not want to leave any enemies behind him who might get in the way of the grain deliveries and supply. The Carnutes, one of Rome’s enemies, had just heard of the siege at Vellaundunum. They gathered troops to Garrison Cenabum, the Carnutes stronghold. Caesar’s army camped out right in front of the fort. Biography On Julius Caesar :: essays research papers Julius Caesar A Man of Great Stature Julius Caesar was a strong leader of the Romans who changed the course of the history for the Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength, he created a strong empire and guided the empire for almost 20 years. His life was short, but had many adventures. I will tell of some of this man’s remarkable life. He did many things, therefore, I will only discuss a few. His name, part of his reign, one of his greatest battles, and his death will be told. Julius Caesar was born on the 13th day of the month Quintilis (now July) in the year of 100 B.C. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar, the same as his father's name. Gaius was his given name and Julius was his surname. Caesar was the name of one branch of the Julian family. Its original meaning was "hairy.† Caesar's family was not prominent, but they claimed to be descended from Venus as well as the kings of Alba Langa. In spite of that fiction, Caesar was well connected through his relatives and received some important government assignments during his youth. Julius Caesar was the dictator of Rome from 61-44 BC. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was only beginning. Caesar made his way to be considered a head of Rome by 62 BC, but many of the senate felt him a dangerous, ambitious man. The senate did their best to keep him out of consulship. He finally became consul in 59 BC. In Caesar, they saw only the threat of a king, a word that was l inked with the word â€Å"tyrant† that is cruel or unjust rule. One of Caesar’s greatest victories in battle was just after he had gained control over the lands of Bituriges, Vercingetorix. He started to lead his army to the Boii oppidum of Gorgobina, another city under his control. On the way, he stopped his troops at Vellaundunum, oppidum of the Senones, and set up siege. He did not want to leave any enemies behind him who might get in the way of the grain deliveries and supply. The Carnutes, one of Rome’s enemies, had just heard of the siege at Vellaundunum. They gathered troops to Garrison Cenabum, the Carnutes stronghold. Caesar’s army camped out right in front of the fort.

Implications of Space and Time for Distributed Work Essay

In this paper â€Å"Implications of Space and Time for Distributed Work: An Interpretive Study of US-Norwegian Systems Development Teams†, Saker and Sahay (2004) present the results of a study they conducted on problems and strategies of virtual collaboration in space and time in the area of Information System Development (ISD). A theoretic presentation of the concepts of space and time investigated in the study is given. By studying the actual experiences of eight teams, the authors show that space and time pose difficulties for virtual teams therefore influencing team organization and strategies. The teams were selected from the University of Norway and the University of America ensuring that team demographics in terms of gender, age and educational backgrounds were evenly distributed to rule out any factors that may influence the results of the study. The authors used the methodology for studying virtual teams called virtual ethnography. The results show that both separations in time and space posed communication problems resulting in delayed responses that caused tensions and discomfort in meeting of targets and deadlines. Individual members had difficulties in synchronizing their biological clocks hence the inability to commit to work schedules, missing online meetings and deadlines. The ICT tools used posed difficulties in time management. Some teams failed to understand each other on a personal level due to lack of human interaction. Language and cultural barriers caused misunderstandings resulting in passing of judgments on others’ work ethics. Different levels of skills and knowledge of ISD hindered production of desired outputs by teams in different locations. Biases in software use were also evident for different country locations forcing teams to use software platforms they had little experience on. Addressing the problems mainly centered on the better use of the ICT tools, reaching compromises, improvising, and developing relations in a bid to approximate real organizations. The teams also came up with engagement rules and codes of conduct to ease their work relations. The authors conclude that electronic and face to face communication is never the same with the former producing some social behaviors that have to be adjusted for.

Bronx High School Of Science - 1279 Words

Stokely Carmichael Kwame Toure, better known as Stokely Carmichael, was one of the most prominent civil rights figures in our history. Born in Trinidad, he became a citizen at the age of 13. Stokely and his family moved to an Italian and Jewish neighborhood where he was one of the few African Americans. He attended one of the most prestigious high schools, Bronx High School of Science where he remained one of the few faces of color among his white elite counterparts. Carmichael became very popular around his classmates, attending parties, dating white women, and playing sports. While Stokely was aware of the racial tensions that ensued, he never realized until later in life how differently he was perceived from his white counterparts. One evening upon graduating high school, Stokely finally felt his calling to join the movement. Carmichael was watching a television newscast that showed young African Americans protesting the racial injustices. â€Å"When I first heard about the Negroes sitting in at lunch counters I thought they were a bunch of publicity hounds.† He watched as these people were knocked off stools, ketchup thrown in their hair, and sugar thrown in their eyes. After this he decided to join the Congress of Racial Equality. The Congress of Racial Equality, otherwise known as CORE, was a leading civil rights activist groups. In the early 1960s CORE started many initiatives like Freedom Rides, Freedom Summer, and the March on Washington. CORE is whereShow MoreRelatedDrugs Amongst Teens : Bronx High School Of Science / Health1016 Words   |  5 Pages Drugs Amongst Teens Amena Khatun Bronx High School of Science / Health (Period 1) Date: August 4, 2015 Instructor: Dr. Zach Lynn Drugs Amongst Teens Three decades from now, T.L.O., a student at a New Jersey High School was caught smoking in a school restroom, and was brought to the assistant principal’s office. The 14-years-old teenager denied smoking, so the assistant principal persisted in searching her purse and found cigarettes, and rolling paper which is associated with marijuanaRead MoreTeaching Practices For Student Centered Teaching Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagessecondary education public schools have adopted new methods in the delivery of instruction as a response to the increase in the number of students per classroom, the increase in ethnic diversity among students, and the inclusion of special education students in general education classrooms. 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How Might E2 / Mites / Mostec Help You Achieve?1455 Words   |  6 Pageswould tell me the classic â€Å"You should be a lawyer† or â€Å"You should be a doctor.† I would go along with her idea for a couple weeks until I jumped off the bandwagon. I wasn’t passionate about either of those fields; I was interested in both math and science and as a young girl. As I got older, I became invested in technology due t o my love of gaming, but I didn’t know that people devote their lives to technology until I interned. During the summer of my tenth grade year, I interned at Accenture, a consultingRead MorePrivilege Is Only The First Step Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagesnot can affect your outcome to living a successful life. I will first explain how one can be privilege, then compare schools with privileged students, and ending it with how can a teacher manage the issues surrounding privilege in the classroom. 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He believed that social facts are the only thing we should study and group level statistics is the only way to empirically do sociologyRea d More college info Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesset of requirements that I would like the college that I attend to fufill. My primary requirement for a college is that it have a broad program base, so that I may best discover and choose a career path that I would enjoy following. As well as a schools course selection, their actual facilities and physical resources are also important to me (such as library, computer rooms, workout facilities and other buildings). Ideally I would like to go to a medium or large sized college, because they generallyRead MorePersonal Statement : Professional Nurse852 Words   |  4 Pagesperform well to pursue Science course in Senior High School. Instead, I studied General Arts in Senior High School. General Arts option one, which comprises of Literature, Geography, French, and History. 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PSY201 Week 9 Social Psychology Paper Scenario - 859 Words

1. The main factor that contributed to Sarah’s attitude towards her curfew was social cognition. Partying with friends was yet a new thing to her and she had been hearing of it from her friends but had never been to it due to the restrictions put by her parents. It was her curiosity to better know and understand her society and to see the things that she had heard of which actually made her break the curfew and go to the party. Moreover, there is also an underlying optimistic bias that influenced her decision to do so where she believes that things will turn out to be well overall. So, it is her social cognition that she still does not know very well of her society and that there is more to see and know for which she takes the decision.†¦show more content†¦4. The main reason that Jack feels attracted to Sarah is because they share the same interests. At the party both come to know that they liked the same music and that they also shared a few hobbies. Moreover, Jack also felt attracted to her because she was beautiful and asked her out to a date the following week. Here, all the five factors related to attraction including proximity, association, similarity, reciprocal liking and physical attractiveness are at play. Jack lives in Sarah’s neighborhood so proximity is also a factor behind the attraction. There is association where they are meeting in a situation that they really enjoy, the party. There is also similarity in taste and hobby as well as reciprocal liking as jack can feel that Sarah also likes her. The last important factor is physical attractiveness which is evident when jack discloses to Sarah that he finds her beautiful and physically attractive. Thus we can see all the factors of attraction at play here. 5. The kind of social interaction which is at display in the fight during the party is conflict. Conflict is generally taken to be a normal and essential part of social interaction. It is not seen as an anomaly but as an essential part of the social landscape. The fight between the two boys at night is also an example of conflict which may have happened and motivated by the pursuit of self interests. It affected others also at the party. People started leaving the party after

Essay on Confucianism and Daoism - 795 Words

Confucianism and Daoism Confucian and Daoist views were important for the shaping and development of mankind in the past. They were views that existed among the eastern Asian countries. They had both similarities and differences in the way they shaped out self-knowledge and self-cultivation. Also there was other outside forces that played a major role in their theories. Nature and art were said to have helped shape the human race as we know it. Confucianism and Daoism seem to be complete polar opposites but there are some similarities between the two. One way that they are similar is that they both focus on the goal of self-improvement. Their teachings both agree that people are responsible for their personal life, individual†¦show more content†¦Do not be upset, do not be startled; all things will order themselves.(Cleary 39) Rather than disturbing the balance of nature, or being themselves disturbed by things beyond their control, they allow nature to take on its own order and find peace in that setting. A difference in self-knowledge can be determined between the two philosophies. Confucianism teaches the idea of spending more time with society learning everything you can so you can judge good from bad and promote virtue. Daoism gives a different view of self-knowledge. It promotes the belief that there is more to the world than can be studied. It says that human judgements and teachings can be flawed by lack of understanding the whole worldly picture. Instead, one should go about life with the concept of wu-wei(non purposeful action) which allows nature to show humans their ideal path. Nature does not play as big of a role in Confucianism in development as it does for Daoism. Confucianism deals more with your learnings from society and strive for the ideal of a gentleman or perfect man. One thing that is said to be determined by nature is that Confucius never stated whether man was born good or evil, noting that By nature men are similar; by practi ce men are wide apart(Lun Yu). Daoism has everything to do with nature. It plays the most important role in human development and knowledge . It states that humans should helpShow MoreRelatedConfucianism, Buddhism, And Daoism2567 Words   |  11 Pages Angelina Chen- Period 2 Shivani Pasricha- Period 6â€Æ' Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism The founder of Buddhism is Buddha Siddhartha, born 624 in present-day Nepal. His name means â€Å"Awakened One.† A Buddha is somebody who has awoken from sleep and suddenly sees things truthfully. As Buddha grew up, he could speak sixty-four different languages and was a good mathematician. He often visited poor and old people, and realized that every person would one day experience sufferingsRead MoreComparing Daoism and Confucianism681 Words   |  3 PagesYou can compare Daoism and Confucianism to yin and yang because they complement each other. Daoism and Confucianism coexist as complementary value classifications in East Asian societies. Unlike Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism, in which these religions were developed in East Asia, Daoism and Confucianism grew mainly in China. Although these religions grew from similar roots, they both still have different emphases. Daoism also known as Taoism, was a philosophical and radical text written by LaoziRead MoreConfucianism, Daoism, and Legalism976 Words   |  4 Pagesa variety of methods – Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism to name a few. Each philosophy had its own set of rules of how people should act both in public and privately. The overall goal of each philosophy was to set a standard of acceptable living that would ensure harmony and success for the society. However, each was different and thus had different results. The best way for the people of China to succeed in a harmonious, respectable society occurred when both Confucianism and Legalism were combinedRead MoreConfucianism, Daoism, And Legalism1688 Words   |  7 Pages Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism, are three Chinese ideologies in Classic China that held influence on how society should be, how to achieve order and what made government strong. Anyone that was a practitioner of these three philosophies would have had no idea how the Roman Republic or Empire worked in those regards. It would not be surprising if a Confucian, a Daoist and a Legalist had praise and dislike for how Rome was ran. A Confucian who might look upon the Roman society and governmentRead MoreRelationship between Daoism Confucianism864 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ethan Martinez Rel1300 Dr. Benjamin Murphy October 21, 2013 Relationship Between Daoism Confucianism History has shown us, that Daoism and Confucianism have many things in common as well as many differences, let me start with what is Daoism and Confucianism. Daoism is also known as Taoism, is a religious tradition originated from China in the 550 B.C.E, it was founded by Lao Tzu, a great philosopher and the author of the â€Å"Dao De Jing† .The â€Å"Dao De Jing† or â€Å"Tao Te Ching† is a Chinese textRead MoreConfucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesmatters of China. Confucianism became the paramount school of thinking and later significant philosophies such as Daoism and Legalism gained immense recognition as well. Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. All three approaches were very distinct but at the same time, they contained similarities as well. In my reasoning, I find that Confucianism and Daoism could be paralledRead MoreConfucianism And Daoism As Forms Of Philosophy And Religion902 Words   |  4 PagesWhile Confucianism and Daoism as forms of philosophy and religion differ on many levels they share some level of basic similarities of understanding in the world. Surprisingly, in comparison to teachings in other religions, neither of these two religions have a creation myth in the traditional sense but instead believe that in the â€Å"state of â€Å"undifferentiated chaos†Ã¢â‚¬  (IWR, 280) that was all of existence, â€Å"two polar yet complementary energies known as qi (â€Å"breath†, â€Å"energy†, or â€Å"force†)† (IWR 280)Read MoreEssay on The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty Yang Yu History 135: Imperial Chinese History Professor: Robert J. Culp Paper I March 4th, 2011 The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty As the dominant philosophical school for around two thousand years in Chinese imperial history, Confucianism is always regarded as the most representative ideology of China, associated with numerous books, poems, artworks and stories that glorify Confucianism’s permeation into every corner of ChineseRead MoreThe Influence of Ancient Chinese Philosophies such as Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism 2337 Words   |  10 Pagesspecified area. A proper example of this would be the three Chinese philosophies of Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism. These belief systems all represent a different path of the geographic spreads any belief system could take, despite having originated in the same areas. Even so, they all come to be major influences in the different ways of life of the Chinese people, as well as other neighboring areas. Confucianism is a great philosophy to live by. It provides a strict moral discipline, and helpsRead MoreAncient Chinese Philosophies : Comparisons Between Lao And Confucius1476 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Chinese Philosophies: Comparisons between Lao Su and Confucius Daoism and Confucianism are two of China’s oldest religions. Both of these men’s teachings largely affect China’s belief system today, and both still widely practiced and still have temples all over the world. Confucianism helped shape China’s education system that still stands today, and Daoism has been helping people understand â€Å"the way† of life since the Han Dynasty. They are both very similar to each other, but at the same

Leadership and multiple ways of looking at the world Free Essays

Human nature is not an easy term to define, but every day’s activities of an individual revolve around the human nature of that person. The nature of a person may dictate such things as, how to handle various situations, how does one relate with others etc. Therefore human nature is both a product of physical environment of an individual and the biological aspects that a person might have inherited from the ancestors. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and multiple ways of looking at the world or any similar topic only for you Order Now A good person There are varied viewpoints on how one should be a good person. This is affected by the moral obligation of a person on how they perceive a good person to be and how they can achieve that. The society has got some moral standards that have been set which happens to be static and rigid (Schein, 1992). But with the gestalt that guides a good person, they happen to be flexible and dynamic. A good person will first envision a certain behavior, perform it and compare its outcome with what is the standard of the good. The outcome of the comparison will make the person consider whether taking the behavior or not. The choice is then made according to what fits the goodness described. Therefore, the judgment of a good person depends on how the individual takes that judgment. Moral behavior is an important concept of identity of a good person. Apart from moral uprightness, good character also is part of a good person. Within good characters, will obviously lay good moral behavior. To increase some good personalities in the organization, it is good to give rewards to those considered to be of good quality character. Many of the things that might come in mind when a person is asked about qualities of a good person are those who are kind, helpful, caring, understanding and patient. In most cases a just person will really try as much as possible to do to others what he/she might also want it done to them. This implies that rewards and punishment should be given where it is due supposed to be. Therefore people in a group who will show kindness and understanding to others deserve reward. These are people who in most cases will also be helpful to others and show patience whenever they feel that something is not going as much as they like. With rewarding this, it will increase the development of good characters as the physical environment rather than only depending on the inherited traits can also influence human nature. According to Schein (1992), rewards acts as an incentives of making people to learn. Therefore, people who show kindness to others and obey law also deserve reward. In many organization people have been subjected to reprisal actions because of being whistleblowers.   In any organization, if the management does not follow the laid down procedures and ethical behaviors there are high chances of employees with good characters to disclose such wrong doings. Many managers have developed the art of bureaucracy and autocracy in the organization that they don’t give room for the employees to give their views. But many people do not want to talk about their organizational problems in public due to the fact that they feel that it is dirty politicizing their organization (Morgan, 2004). There can be cases such as embezzlement of funds, mistreating of employees and favoritism in the organization. Such behaviors, especially fund embezzlement requires employees with a strong character who believes in upright morality to disclose the information or else, it may remain a silent matter and thus at the end hurt the organization. High Low context Culture in the organization. High context culture refers to a situation where by a group of people in the society have had a close relationship spanning for a long period of time. In this culture, there is high emphasis on interpersonal relationships. With this kind of culture in place people develop a high sense of trust among themselves, putting personal interest aside and concentrating on the general interest of the group or society. The events in this culture can only can ony be understood in context, (Schein, 1992). On the other hand low context culture represents a society of people with so many connections but only spanning for a short period of time. In this culture, logic, factors and directness are highly valued. Therefore problems in the organization have to be lined up and then solve one after the other. Decisions concerning problems have to be based on the factors rather than intuition. There are various differences between the high and low context culture. In the high context culture, the group members have a long-term relationship with strong boundaries. They consider the relationship to be more important than the tasks performed. Contrary in the low context culture, it is characterized by shorter relationships with no strong boundaries, putting the tasks ahead of the relationship. According to Schein, group leaders sets the boundaries while the group members are the one to test the effectiveness of the boundaries. Another different between the two is the barrier to enter. High context’s strong boundaries create a big problem for any outsider to enter the relationship as compared to the low relationship, which allows for outsiders to enter easily. This is because the low context culture has a unidirectional culture as compared to the mutual casualty of high context. My workplace is an example of a low context culture. This is because of the following, it is not difficult to enter the organization as long as one has the required qualification and there is a vacancy, then equal chances of employment are given to all; the individuals output is highly considered than his/her relationship with the organization; there are objectives that the organization has to achieve, one after the other starting from the immediate objectives to long term; any decision made or arrived at has to be based on facts of the business environment. Social construction Reality. When people come together and interact for a certain period, they form a culture that arises because of the mode they decide to behave or influences certain behavior. In such cases, the behavior might lead to certain conventional rules of behavior differentiating this group from the other groups in the society. According to Morgan (2004), â€Å"when we talk of culture, we are usually referring to the pattern of development reflected in a society’s system of knowledge, ideology, values, laws, and day-to-day ritual†, (pp 116). In constructing the social realities, there are factors about certain behaviors that have been put in place, these have consists of objective factors. The constructing of social realities depends on both the physical and social realities. In physical reality, it represents a certain organization, for instance a workplace, school, or churches, while the social reality will consist of the inhabitants of the physical reality. The rules that are formed and followed by human being in the physical reality ends up affecting the whole original physical reality. For instance, when an organization puts down certain values embedded in the organization’s motto, it is not that it is the physical organization that brought about the motto, but rather that the humans just came up with the belief and have made it a universal belief. All those who will be coming after the original thinkers and proponents of the motto will also have to follow same suit and behave in the same manner. This kind of values of the organization governs its members. In continued development of the values, it forms the basis of the organizational culture. There is no any correct culture, as many organizations happen to compete each other.   Therefore, the correct culture is only that which helps the organization to achieve its goals and objectives (Schein, 1992). When an organization finds certain means of doing its duties to achieve the objectives it becomes now a habit for all of that community to follow same suit. This implies that it will be a habitualization of the organization to be performing those activities in that manner in future. The problem with habitualization in the organization is that it narrows down the other means of doing the same job in a different way that may be beneficial to the organization. Reference: Morgan. G (2004): Images of the Organization, Sage Publication Inc, ISBN 1412939798 Schein E. H (1992): Organizational Culture and, Leadership, Jossey-Bass, ISBN 1555424872. How to cite Leadership and multiple ways of looking at the world, Essay examples

Emotion, free essay sample

Self awareness the ability to know your own emotions. This involves being able to adopt the witnessing stance so as to master self understanding and in sight into your own needs and feeling. Knowing and understanding your feelings gives you more direction for wise decision making. Managing your emotions the ability to master stress control anger overcome depression and anxiety and remain optimistic all contribute to skills in being resilent so as to bounce back from life’s inevitable setbacks. Self motivation the ability to persevere to delay gratification and wait for rewards and to stay focused and on task is essential in most life endeavors particularly those that involve long terms goals. Perceptiveness the ability to perceive and correctly identify the emotions of others along with skills at recognizing the impact of your behavior on others. The cornerstone of this is the ability to empathize with others to literally be able to put yourself in shoes of another person, along with the ability to read and understand nonverbal cues. Handling relationships skills in relating to others and managing their emotions. It involves listening skill, conversational skills being able to resolve conflicts and knowing how to be appropriately assertive. It also subsumes the ability to establish rapport with others along with leadership skills. In this chapter we focus on helping you learn effective methods for managing conflicts with others and mastering your own emotional responses. Making deposits into the emotional bank accounts. Understand the individual, in order to make deposits, you must first know what the other considers a deposit. You can only do this by learning to really listen to learn a persons needs or interests. Remember that what may be a deposit for you may be meaningless or even a withdrawal for someone else. Attend to the little thing, oftentimes it is the little things that count the most. Small insensitive things that that you do or forgetto do, add up to be large withdrawals. On the other hand those small niceties or favors that you do for another are often the purest proof that you care. In fact frequent small deposits typically lead to larger balances than the occasional huge deposit. In relationships the little things are the big things. Keep your commitments; remember the power of your words. Keeping your promises constitutes a major depost and is an essential element of trust. Breaking your promises particularly if this happens regularly constitutes a major withdrawal. Clarify your expectation; you can create many problems. Chapter 9 is about building trust as you communicate. Blocks to effective listening, judging our natural tendency to judge, to define things as good or bad cool or uncool can be an enormous barrier to effective communication. If you prejudge someone in a negative way it will influence your ability to listen. Negative labels have tremendous power. For example quickly labeling someone as stupid of crazy make it highly unlikely that you will pay much attention to what that person has to say. Other types of judgment responses include moralizing advising warning and ordering. When you are judgment other people are put on the defensive and typically turned off. Mind reading; rather than paying attention to what the person is really saying you are busy operating on the basis of your assumptions about what the persons thinking and saying. Once in a while if you are very perceptive your efforts at mind reading may be on target, but for the most part mind reading usually leads to mis communications and misunderstanding. Stereotyping; when you operate on the basis of your widespread generalizations about a person based on group membership os somne physical characteristic rather than getting to know that person for who he or she is you are setting the stage for poor listening and distorted communications. Interrupting; frequent or needless interruptions disrupt communication and interfere with the flow of the conversation. When a speaker is interrupted repeatedly he or she will often become distracted and feel frustrated. And if you are the one chronically interrupting then rather than listening you are obviously attending more to what you want to say than to what is being said. Giving the other person the time and space to talk is more than politeness it is the essence of true listening. And the other person owes you the same respect. Interruptions are more likely to be mad by persons in positions of authority over you like parents teachers and bosses. And men tend to interrupt more than women particularly in male-female conversations. Comparing; you are listening for purpose of seeing how you measure up to the other person, drawing comparisions and contrasts in your head. The end result is that you are so busy feeling either inferior or superior that minimal attention is given to the speaker. Rehearsing; you are busy concentrating on and reviewing what you want to say next which detracts you’re your ability to listen to the speaker. Stage hogging; stage hogs called conversational narcissists listen with primary intent of changing the focus of the conversation back onto themselves. At every opportunity they shift the topic back to what happen to them their feeling. Chapter 10 is also building rust as you communicate part 2. How to be a good conversationalist. Keep your message interesting. Avoid rattling on incessantly about minor details unless you know for sure that the other person sincerely wants to hear this minutia. Pay attention to nonverbal cues from the listener to discern if he or she is getting bored and adjust your speech accordingly. Show your sense of humor this doesn’t mean you have to tell jokes or be a stand up comedian. Allow yourself to make humorous or witty remarks when appropriate and by all means demonstrate that you have the capacity to laugh at yourself. Poke fun at yourself by making occasional self-deprecating comments. This puts people at ease by demonstrating that you don’t take yourself too seriously. Show an interest in the other person. Refrain from being nosy but do ask question to draw the other person out. Most people will enjoy talkingabout themselves if a chance so you will make good impression if you show a genuine interest in another person. Avoid monopolizing the conversation this includes interrupting the other person. Stay focused on the topic at hand. While everyone occasionally goes off on tangents and sometimes this helps keep the conversation interesting resist rambling or bouncing from subject to subject without completing your point. Refrain from engaging in annoying mannerisms such as fidgetingor using irritating expression such as punctuating your statements with you know. Talk fairly rapidly. A quick speech rate coveys enthusiasm intelligence confidence and expertise. If you notice signs of impatience in your listener or if people are often finishing your sentences for you this a good tip off that you are talking too slowly. Making a good first impression if you want to make a good initial impression when speaking with someone for the first time these tips. Refrain from discussing controversial topics such as religion or politics. Also no one wants to hear about your health problems at a first meeting. Jokes are fine but avoid any that are off color could be perceived as prejudicial or that are very lengthy and involved. Face the erson squarely lean forward stand upright and maintain good eye contact. Keep your arms open don’t touch your face and resist shifting your weight between your legs which could make it appear that you want to get away as soon as possible. The art of smart talk is often dismissed as superficial or unimportant nothing could be farther from the truth. There is yet another aspect of being a good conversationalist which is more sophisticated than tips mentioned above. This has to do with being able to develop rapport with another person. Chapter 11 is about knowing the workplace. Do you remember when you started college? You had to get yourself registered for classes. The campus was full building that housed among other thing classrooms and you had to find the rooms where your classes would be held. You had to figure out where the bookstore and cafeteria were. You were probably not able to function comfortably or effectively until you got the lay of the land. The average worker has typically worked eight hours a day for 5 days a week 50 of the 52 weeks in a year. That’s most of your year. One of the changes we see in society is the increasing diverging in the workforce. Unlike previous decades where white males dominated the work force the bureau of labor statistics projects that those entering the workforce will include greater representation of diverse groups. Hispanics are becoming the largest minority group in the us. Altough there are high concentration of Hispanics in several states, this population is dispersed throughout the nation. More than half of all immigrants coming here in 2000 were from latin America. Within the Hispanic population are subgroup with cultural and socioeconomic differences. Leadership in the workplace in a small businesses or offices as well as large organizations there is a climate that reflects the personalities of the people there especially the person or persons in charge. This may vary from place to place depending on such things as the nature of thw work the types of organization but especially important is the style of leadership provided by those with administered responsibility. Making a good first impression if you want to make a good initial impression when speaking with someone for the first time these tips. Refrain from discussing controversial topics such as religion or politics. Also no one wants to hear about your health problems at a first meeting. Jokes are fine but avoid any that are off color could be perceived as prejudicial or that are very lengthy and involved. In this chapter we have been examining aspects of the works environment that are important for you to recognize antipate and confront. We have prepared you with strategies to enable you to move around with ease. We have looked at trend in the world such as change new oraganizational patterns global interdependence diversity and leadership styles. We have reviewd some of the administrative realities of the workplace such as policies procedures and performance evaliutions. These topics were presented to give an overview of what to expect in todauys workplace. How can I use the performance review? You should keep a file of your performance records for several reasons first they comprise a record of your work performance over time from which and transfer back to you. In chapter 12 it’s about designing your own career. Suppose you were going to build a house. You would have a lot invested in your home, right? And you wouldn’t want a house just â€Å"put together† on a whim. No, you’d want an architectural drawing carefully planned showing the details of the whole project. The house plan would be based on information about your needs, limits, and preferences. House are a lot like careers.. a lot is invested and you may live in them a long time. Yet, in your educational experience I’ll bet that you have not (in decade or more of schooling) had a meaningful experience of learning about occupations, how to choose one, how to plan your work life, or how to achieve carrer success. Career education is just not a priority for our K-12 school curriculum. For a decision and an area of our lives that we spend so much time in, and that has such an impact on our lives, it is extremely important important to select a career as an informed choice rather han a casual way or by default. Theories about career choices, Many psychologists have studied and developed theories about career choices. Some wrote about stage theories saying we move from childhood fantasies of career toward more realistic ideas. There are some people who determined as a child they wanted to be in a certain profession and remained committed to that goal through their life career. In contrast, there are many students who know they want a college degree, but they’re not sure in what area or how this relates to their career life after college. Some students have decided on a career, but may actually know very little about what is required to enter that profession, or what life in that career means in terms of day to day activities or demands, salary, availability, ork locations or the like. Psychologist John Holland (1958) developed a theory regarding vocational behavior that considers six basic personality orientations. He describes the six types as realistic, these people apply scientific principals in things that they do. They may have mechanical abilities they like doing a or making things, Examples of occupation in this category would be pilot, electrician, engineer, or construction worker. Investiga tive, people in this group like abstract thinking, discovering new knowledge, testing hypotheses solving problems. Example of worker in this category would be a research scientist such as a physicist chemist, medical researcher, college or university professor. Conventional, People in this category enjoy working in structured situations. They are usally very self-disciplined, ordely, like organizing and can work comfortably at routine, repetive task. Occupations in the areas include clerical worker, accountant, bank teller, data entry or billing clerk. In chapter 13 is about being people smart. When we think of being smart we think of having a high IQ, supposedly being very intelligent whn it comes to congnitive skills. However, what we have traditionally referred to and tested with IQ test are skils in languages and analytic/mathematics problem solving. Thus, our concept of intelligent centers around thinking skills involving memorylogic, organizing ideas and the like. In 1983 , Howard Gardner challenged this traditional concept of intelligence when he proposed this theory of multiple intelligences. He described seven different types of intelligence that exist in humans. Understanding People, listening actively, empathically, charifying, interpreting beyond words to non-verbal message, and able to read other people’s styles and motive in order to work with them effectively. Expressing Yourself Cleary knowing how to get your message across be reading the verbal and non verbal responses of those with whom you are communicating. Asserting your needs, being your own person having and establishing limits and being straightforward with your wishes. Exchanging feedback giving feedback easily and without being offensive as well as seeking feedback from others. Infulencing others, being able to motivate orther to action, able toconnect with others, discover their needs, knowing how to reduce resistance and to make persuasive appeals. Resolving Conflict able to use the above mentioned skills to get the subject on the table, able to figure out what’s bothering you and other person and to suggest creative solution. Being a team player accepting the challenges to work with others through complementing their styles, coordinating the efforts of team members without being bossy and building consensus. Shifting Gears , understanding the differences in people, able to make changes in one’s own behavior, willing to try thing new and different, knowing how to handle the risk of change. Understanding Yourself, The aged admonitions from Socrates and Shakespeare to know and be true to yourself are filled with wisedom. Just as you probably can’t really love someone fully if you don’t love yourself first, you obviously need to understand yourself before you can become astute in knowing others. So let’s start with some questions to think about. Putting its all to work. In this chapter we have eamined the ideas of being people smart from literature. We have emphasized of being an astute observerand developing your people skills. We began recognizing how important it is to know yourself, your goals, personality, needs and behavioral triggers. In chapter 14 is mostly making work fun. Taking charge! When you think about going to work, who are you really working for? Are you working for a company or organization? Aboss? Your landlord? Or even your self. By this we don’t necessarily mean that you are self employed but that you are an employed self. Confusing? Well look at it this way your whole being is involved in your career. If you change jobs you are thing that stays intact that is moving to a new position. You need to see yourself as somewhat of an entrepreneur in the workplace. The flow is a sense of playfulness, a feeling of being in control, concentration and highly focused attention, mental enjoyment of activity for its own sake, a distorted sense of time and a match between the challenge at hand and ones skills. Also make it a game. Consider tasks as games with rules , objectives, challenges to be overcome and with rewards. Have a powerful goal as you play the game think often of the overriding social intellectual or spiritual purpose that drives your efforts. Focus let all distractions those within or without go. Center all your attention on the game. Surrender to the process just let go. Don’t try strain to achieve your objective. Let it happen and enjoy the process of work. Experience ecstasy this is the natural result of the previous four steps. It will hit you suddenly by surprise. There is no mistaking it this is a natural high. Create peak productivity. Your ecstatic state opens reservious of resourcefulness creativity and energy. Productivity and quality of work shoot through the roof. In this chapter we have been looking at those issues related to experiencing your wok as pleasurable. We have reviewed those aspects that reside primarily in your power, like taking charge and seeking intrinsic motivation. We have described exciting new findings regarding the personalloy rewarding feeling of flow. We have also discussed potential problems you may encounter in the workplace including substance abuse lack of advancement burnout and discrimination. In considering our work and career effectiveness it is important that you know the workplace you are continuing in or about to enter spend time designing your career and sharpen your people skills. Start with an I can attitude. Stay aware of whats happening to you not only your work and your thoughts but your feeling. Work with emotional intelligence. Remember you are in charge of your life. If you do this and remember the other points in this chapter you will be on your way to become happy!