Human impact on coral reefs

Human effect on coral reefs Human Impact On Coral Reefs In The Last 30 Years Theoretical Coral reefs are the homes that give asylum to roughly one fourth of all referred to marine species just as being the most various environments. Coral reefs are powerless against even the smallest natural changes. An audit of the writing of the most recent 30 years shows that the recurrence of human movement has increased to another level where human activities have reached out to the coral reefs on a worldwide scale. People are effectively harming the coral reef biological systems on our earth. Coral reefs are overfished, harmed by compound contamination, covered by residue, and stifled by macroalgae developing on supplement rich sewage and compost spillover. Meanwhile, a dangerous atmospheric devation and sea fermentation is a more noteworthy commitment to coral reef mortality. The principle main impetus behind the coral emergency is the proceeding with increment in human populace. These will give a weight to condition, and in the long run will affect on marine life, particularly th e coral reefs. Through the survey of the past papers, I found that from the least and most recent subject of sea fermentation to the biggest one (sedimentation and supplement enhancement), researchers are getting worried about the issue identify with carbon dioxide which brings about environmental change and sea fermentation universally, particularly in the ongoing years. Heaps of coral reef researchers have ascended to this key issue. Presentation â€Å"Coral reefs are assessed to cover 284,300 square kilometers, with the Indo-Pacific area (counting the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific) representing 91.9% of the aggregate. Southeast Asia represents 32.3% of that figure, while the Pacific including Australia represents 40.8%. Atlantic and Caribbean coral reefs just record for 7.6% of world total†. (Spalding, M., Ravilious, C., and Green, E. (2001). World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC) It is accounted for that Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Fiji contain practically over portion of the universes reefs. It is presently commonly recognized that coral reefs are among the most compromised worldwide biological systems, and among the most fundamental (Costanza et al. 1997; Bryant et al. 1998; Boesch et al. 2000; Reaser et al. 2000; Wilkinson 2000). Be that as it may, one of the forthcoming emergencies is a significant danger of death of corals and huge scope harm of coral reefs in everywhere throughout the world. This emergency is incompletely a consequence of the recurrence of human exercises which are negatively affecting marine biological systems, particularly on coral reef environments. An investigation from 1998 demonstrated that coral reefs the world over were influenced by human exercises (Lauretta B. et al. 1998, Fig. 2). The investigation demonstrated the general extent of reefs in danger in five locales, with Southeast Asia having the most elevated zone in danger. This wonder most likely is identified with the overfishing around there which prompts coral reefs being at the most noteworthy hazard contrasted with the remainder of the world. It is realized that the present circumstance is legitimately or by implication predictable with human exercises. Notwithstanding, the inquiry remains that to what degree has human movement changed the coral reef biological systems? So in this report, I would utilize ISI web database to look through articles identified with coral reefs emergency. Essentially, I will attempt to respond to this inquiry. To do this I will talk about the different dangers to coral reef, including overfishing and fish live exchange issue, contamina tion including earthly overflow, substance mixes and sedimentation, and macroalgae abundance which is causing by supplement enhancement under the seawater, and an unnatural weather change and sea fermentation which add to coral infection and coral mortality. Effects Of Overfishing It makes certain about that overfishing as a rule is a harming issue to numerous coral reefs far and wide. In this field, it is demonstrated that researchers researched in the subject of overfishing and fish exchange was expanding since 1990. (Figure 3) As of late, because of human impedance on coral reefs, coral mortality is higher than any time in recent memory. At the point when this happens, the green growth promptly accept this open door for development, which brings about seedlings of coral not having the option to connect to the reef. This kind of occasion features the significant job of herbivorous fish on the rebuilding of coral reefs. However, on the off chance that herbivorous coral reef fish are caught in enormous numbers, ethnic gatherings are hard to recoup. In this circumstance, macroalgae keeps on congesting, and restrains the development of corals. For instance, The Caribbean area has been hit especially hard, with 40% of supreme coral spread lost since the late 1970s due to overfishing and macroalgae excess (Gardner et al. 2003). So a few creators contend that overfishing is a significant motivation behind why reef corals have declined as of late. (Aronson et al. 2006) Be that as it may, overfishing has additionally been because of the improvement of worldwide angling innovation, and an assortment of cutting edge hardware is utilized in the misuse of angling. Countless fish becomes terminated every year. Because of cutting edge angling innovation, the universes yearly catch of fish is proceeding to rise. In reality, on one hand, expanded angling will give adequate worldwide gracefully of fish items. Be that as it may, simultaneously, the expansion in fisheries creation will diminish the worldwide normal cost of fish in the worldwide market, and this decrease will prompt the decrease of angling benefits, which thus will drive an increment in gets once more, eventually prompting an endless loop in fisheries. Then again, enormous scope angling can prompt the sharp decrease in fish populace. Without predators, green growth can congest and stifle coral enlistment. Despite the fact that, a few researchers contend that these green growth are not legitimat ely slaughtering corals. Actually, they are contending with corals in the space and admission of light. So without light, corals will pass on in the end because of corals can not get supplements to endure. (Figure 4) Contamination A significant danger other than the overexploitation of fishery assets is without a doubt the solid increment in seaside improvement, and release of untreated sewage into the close shore waters, bringing about huge measures of supplements spreading into the ocean and beach front zones (Burke et al., 2002; Wilkinson, 2002; Brown et al., 2006; UNEP, 2006). For instance, around 60% of the wastewater released into the Caspian Sea is untreated, in Latin America and the Caribbean the figure is near 80%, and in huge pieces of Africa and the Indo-Pacific the extent is as high as 80-90% (UNEP, 2006). Horticultural run-off to the sea, Nitrogen fares to the marine condition is anticipated to increment at any rate 14% all inclusive by 2030 (UNEP, 2006). During the previous 30 years, an ever increasing number of researchers were on to the issues of sedimentation and supplement improvement and substance contamination and oil slicks. It is demonstrated that a major number of themes on contamination and supplement improvement, etc. (Figure 5 and 6) Fundamentally, the researchers needed to see how did sedimentation and supplement advancement and compound contamination and oil slicks sway on the corals? There are different systems by which these variables can hurt coral reefs. Above all else, suspended residue makes water turbid which permits less daylight to infiltrate the water. With less daylight, zooxanthellae which live inside the corals tissue can not photosynthesize to create natural supplements that help the corals to flourish. What's more, it is realized that zooxanthellae are delicate to substance changes (Parker et al. 2008). In modern wastewater and cultivating spillover, there are consistently substance mixes which can make zooxanthellae poisonous to corals just as on account of oil slicks. So to ensure themselves, corals need to discharge the zooxanthellae (Parker et al. 2008). After a period in this circumstance, corals will kick the bucket. Besides, cultivating close to the coast brings about enormous amounts of s ilt and soil going into ocean and onto coral reefs. This soil, residue or sand can make water sloppy, covering the corals (Rogers 1990). Likewise, the utilization of composts for cultivating is another issue bringing about expanded supplement stream into the sea. The release human sewage prompts the supplement improvement in specific regions, particularly in the estuary, which may bring about fast development of green growth which as referenced before they will outcompete corals, removing the gracefully of light also. Sea Acidification Around there, it is demonstrated that an ever increasing number of moderates were fascinating in sea fermentation as of late (Figure 7). It appears to be another field that researchers have just centered around only 7 years prior. It may be researchers mindful of the issue of fermentation rising, which is presently seeing that corrosive level rising has an effect on coral reefs. Sea fermentation is identified with the carbon dioxide being discharged in to the air and responding with seawater. The grouping of carbon dioxide in the Earths climate presently surpasses 380 ppm, which is more than 80 ppm over the most extreme estimations of the previous 740,000 years (Petit et al. 1999; EPICA people group individuals, Nature. 2004). Carbon dioxide responds with water to shape a powerless corrosive H2CO3, which brings about corrosive levels expanding in the expanses of the world. Sea fermentation is a momentum key issue that every single marine creature need to confront, particularly coral reefs. As past referenced that corals get natural supplements from a mutualistic symbiont zooxanthellae to develop. These green growth are delicate to corrosive ascending in the seawater. In the event that the natural conditions are changing, corals will discharge green growth and go to white, a marvel known as coral dying. A dangerous atmospheric devation Regarding an Earth-wide temperature boost, corals are touchy to the abrupt temperature changing too, which implies the difference in temperature is a factor makes their photosynthetic procedure separate. At the point when this

Universal Design

Question 1 I) The present state and degree of all inclusive plan in the inside structure practice. The twentieth century had carried significant social changes as for common and human rights. Clinical advances during this period implied that the enduring a physical issue or sickness was far more noteworthy. Numerous individuals were living longer and the normal future of individuals with serious hindrances was expanding as well. Along these lines numerous legislatures in created nation reacted with the presentation of equivalent rights and hostile to separation enactment to help this gathering of individuals particularly in manufactured condition (place for phenomenal in UD, 2008).In line with that Malaysia’s government is likewise moving towards a similar objective where the main activity taken required a 1993 alteration in the Uniform structure by-laws (UBBL) expressed that new advancements have need to join widespread structure into the structure plan. Comparative activity taken by the branch of norms Malaysia, through SIRIM Bhd, on amending two of the current Malaysian guidelines (MS) to improve openness for all. They are ms 1184: 2002: code of training for access of impaired people to open structures (first correction) and MS 1331: 2002: code of training for access of incapacitated people outside structures (first revision).After all, both had been converged into another archive called all inclusive plan and availability in the assembled condition: code of training (second modification). Those corrections and update is relevant to new and existing structures. Under the corrected UBBL, new designers needed to follow existing principles so as to improve all inclusive access. To the extent scientist worry, as expressed by pioneer of updating Malaysian standard Asiah (2006), the modified principles is more toward rules on highlights, from traffic islands and pathways to entryway handles and taps, referenced from global all inclusive structure norms in c reated countries.Which she recognized that it has been hard to consolidate the ideal highlights inside existing structures in Malaysia, yet government focused on that the structures ought to at any rate give fundamental comforts, for example, slopes and toilets for the debilitated, and lifts with braille catches for the visually impaired, just as voice initiation (Asiah, 2006). Then again, from scientist perception those alterations and updating law and act are mean for open spaces and foundation building which legitimately concentrating on unique gathering of clients, for example, debilitate and more seasoned people.For that reason, hence none or less inside architect delicate or attempt to use the built up guideline in their training because of no authorization from government. This was happen on the grounds that the guideline and standard are mean or have been set up for uncommon gathering of individuals just, for example, for handicap individuals and all the more generally shoul d be execute in the open structures as it were. With this sign it indicated that most planners and clients are not prepared to acknowledge that open and usable highlights are for everyone and they will in general observe those guideline and standard are something that will include the expense of the project.With this misguided judgment, the inside structure practice is scarcely to be change since architects can't relate about plan and the idea of person. Opposite with widespread plan (UD) approach that have been coin by Ron Mace that in structuring for clients, we ought to accept the wide scope of human capacity is standard, not uncommon (Ostroff, 2001). This is on the grounds that, in spite of cripple and more established individuals, clients particularly those utilized the inside space are not homogenous gathering which comprise different physical capacities (Story and Mueller, 2002).This can be see from the world measurement that populace today is significantly more expand from t he past, where numerous individuals made due from genuine sickness and mishap. Besides the declining richness and death rates are higher and it adds to the increments of the total populace. In this manner this move of segment change multifacetedly affects the general public especially in connection of utilization of the inside structure. On the outline of Malaysia’s measurement in year 2005, Malaysia has been named a maturing country (branch of measurement, Malaysia 2006). The quantity of old resident ascent to 1. 7 million (7. percent of the populace) and by year 2020, Malaysia will be an adult society with 9. 5 percent of the populace matured 60 or more (branch of measurement, Malaysia 2000). This measurement implies that 1. 4 million more established individuals today will be more than twofold in their numbers in 16 years time. Those individuals are the â€Å"real users† and they are dynamic individual that utilized the inside space and request the space to be bolst er their every day exercises through their life course. The wonder of changing physical capacities identified with age and inabilities are something that everyone will understanding during life course (Etchell and Yelding, 2004).Therefore considering various clients is noteworthy in giving a superior living space to all as opposed to isolated them. Be that as it may, in inside plan practice today, much of the time planners are slanted to structure for a generalization of clients that know as a â€Å"average people†. Which result the fabricated conditions implies for clients with explicit capacity run just that take part in explicit ways of life that forestall or limit the exercises of others outside of the focused on gathering of occupants (Kreinbrook, 2007).Nevertheless until today, through scientist perception the execution of new guideline and standard explicitly in inside plan is as yet moving moderate where numerous inside creators doesn't mindful about the appropriate o f using and consolidate UD in configuration practice explicitly during configuration process in obliging assorted clients. Through scientist perception and experience this happen due to two significant reasons; right off the bat on the grounds that there is less touchy responsiveness identified with worldwide issue, for example, on segment change among inside designers.And the subsequent factor is on the old fashioned of thought in their structure practice that have been go from age to the cutting edge which become a focal root in planning. To be intricate more on the primary explanation, analyst accepted that segment design is extremely fundamental for inside creator so as to comprehend the market request in structure. This is on the grounds that from that point on, the marker of the â€Å"real users† can be set up. From the â€Å"real users† pointer the arrangement and activity during configuration process in making a superior living condition to all will be progress ively adequate and effective in supporting their day by day activities.The second explanation that causes low enthusiasm on new plan worldview explicitly UD is a direct result of old way of thinking among inside creator. Ordinarily, creators are still sums up clients into two distinct gatherings, for example, â€Å"average† and â€Å"disable† individuals. With this perspective, plan has been separated to standard practice and unique structure prerequisite practice where the UBBL and Malaysian standard is alluded. Opposite significance of UD which endeavors to be a wide range arrangement that helps everybody, not simply individuals with disabilities.Moreover, UD perceives a wide scope of buyers and they attempt to remember everybody for structure. The act of UD as expressed by kose (2009) have a comprehensive view that when thought about incapacitate or older individual in plan, it will profit to others gathering of individuals as well. Along these lines by think about different clients in configuration process, the usable and open living condition will be increments and nobody is been rejected or isolate from the framework. Moreover, as expressed by Imrie (2006) none of person can be portrayed as a normal all through life course.This is on the grounds that individuals are developing more seasoned ordinary, they become impermanent debilitate as a result of disorder, mishap, broken appendage, genuine sickness and experience pregnancy (Imrie, 2006). Those changing physical standards and capacities are depicting a nature of individual nobody has control on that. Next to the issue talk about above, on the off chance that we take a gander at the example of one living space in Malaysia it most likely been busy with least of or possibly one relative. Where the relatives are comprises of grown-up, youngsters, and at some point been visit by their more established parent or impair friend.Those markers of different sorts of clients are portraying we all tha t utilized the living condition. Corresponding with business spaces as well, which clients and guests are come in different size and physical capacities as well. Those surprising guests will utilize a similar living space and civilities with others. Taking into account that, scientist comprehended it is unbendable to consider just explicit gathering of clients during configuration process where the present reality is going to general arrangement in plan for all people.Therefore an old fashioned of thought explicitly on the classes of clients is inconsequential any longer in today practice. Along these lines, inside structure field requests an upset in planning and thinking to consolidate new structure worldview such UD as a feature of the training so as to have an elective method to switch over from old fashioned of thought to new move of reasoning that regard assorted clients. An outcome of looking comprehensively to â€Å"diverse users† in making inside plan is critical in testing the inside structure practice today. Thusly this examination is going to.Yet through analyst experience, a significant number of inside originators particularly in Malaysia are as yet unconscious about the effect of segment change to the structure business particularly in inside plan. tragically, as revealed by Harrison and Parker (2003), this is happen in light of the fact that there are profoundly established issues in the psyches of those liable for the plan of the fabricated condition, where the incorporation of human neighborly highlights is envision as an essential yet not genuine endeavor or late to

Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans

Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans PTSD PTSD and the Military Print Effects of Trauma in Civil War Veterans By K. Kris Hirst Updated on January 23, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Brian W. Downs / Getty Images Using open-source data from a federal project digitizing medical records on veterans of the American Civil War (1860-1865) called the Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death Project, researchers have identified an increased risk of post-war illness among Civil War veterans, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, and mental diseases throughout their lives. In a project partly funded by the National Institutes of Aging, military service files from a total of 15,027 servicemen from 303 companies of the Union Army stored at the United States National Archives were matched to pension files and surgeons reports of multiple health examinations. A total of 43 percent of the men had mental health problems throughout their lives, some of which are today recognized as related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most particularly affected were men who enlisted at ages under 17. Roxane Cohen Silver and colleagues at the University of California, Irvine published their results in the February 2006 issue of Archives of General Psychiatry. Studies of PTSD and War Studies of PTSD to date have connected war experiences to the recurrence of mental health problems and physical health problems such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders. These studies have not had access to long-term health impacts since they have been focused on veterans of recent conflicts. Researchers studying the impact of modern conflict participation report that the factors increasing the risk of later health issues include age at enlistment, intimate exposure to violence, prisoner of war status and having been wounded. The Trauma of the American Civil War The Civil War was a particularly traumatic conflict for American soldiers. Army soldiers commonly enlisted at quite young ages; between 15 and 20 percent of the Union army soldiers enlisted between the ages of 9 and 17. Each of the Union companies was made up of 100 men assembled from regional neighborhoods, and thus often included family members and friends. Large company losses--75 percent of companies in this sample lost between five and 30 percent of their personnel--nearly always meant the loss of family or friends. The men readily identified with the enemy, who in some cases represented family members or acquaintances. Finally, close-quarter conflict, including hand-to-hand combat without trenches or other barriers, was a common field tactic during the Civil War. To quantify trauma experienced by Civil War soldiers, researchers used a variable derived from percent of the company lost to represent relative exposure to trauma. Researchers found that in military companies with a larger percentage of soldiers killed, the veterans were 51 percent more likely to have the cardiac, gastrointestinal, and nervous disease. The Link Between Age and Poor Health After War The study found that the youngest soldiers (ages 9-17 at enlistment) were 93% more likely than the oldest (ages 31 or older) to experience both mental and physical disease. The younger soldiers were also more likely to show signs of cardiovascular disease alone and in conjunction with gastrointestinal conditions and were more likely to die early. Former POWs had an increased risk of combined mental and physical problems as well as early death. One problem the researchers grappled with was comparing diseases as they were recorded during the latter half of the 19th century to todays recognized diseases. Post-traumatic stress syndrome was not recognized by doctorsâ€"although they did recognize that veterans exhibited an extreme level of nervous disease that they labeled irritable heart syndrome. Children and Adolescents in Combat Harvard psychologist  Roger Pitman, writing in an editorial in the publication, writes that the impact on younger soldiers should be of immediate concern, since their immature nervous systems and diminished capacity to regulate emotion give even greater reason to shudder at the thought of children and adolescents serving in combat. Although disease identification is not one-to-one, said senior researcher Roxane Cohen Silver, Ive been studying how people cope with traumatic life experiences of all kinds for twenty years and these findings are quite consistent with an increasing body of literature on the physical and mental health consequences of traumatic experiences. Boston University psychologist Terence M. Keane, Director of the  National Center for PTSD, commented that this remarkably creative study is timely and extremely valuable to our understanding of the  long-term  effects of combat experiences. Joseph Boscarino, Senior Investigator at  Geisinger Health System, added There are a few detractors that say that PTSD [Post-traumatic stress disorder] does not exist or has been exaggerated. Studies such as these are making it difficult to ignore the long-term effects of war-related psychological trauma.

Is Albert Desalvo An American Sex Offender - 906 Words

Albert DeSalvo was an American sex offender who displayed a history of mental issues that stemmed from being introduced to criminal and sexual acts as an adolescent. In February of 1965, DeSalvo was committed to Bridgewater State Hospital until further instruction by the court. Albert DeSalvo exhibited â€Å"one of the most shocking sexual drives that psychiatric science has ever encountered† (Anglin, 1967). Before each of the alleged murders of DeSalvo, a burning sensation, described as â€Å"little explosions†, would emerge within the individual motivating him to commit the heinous crimes. The conclusion of the research on this odious individual, the criminal patterns exhibited, and the contributing factors leading up to the criminal behavior are quite significant in the field of criminology and psychology. As a criminology and psychology major, I highlight the importance of the influence of each department on the other which is the reason why I chose to focus on this individual. In many instances, the application of psychological elements to criminological components are necessary to gain a meticulous understanding and build precise theories. The main instance is creating a connection with violence or criminal behavior and mental illness to validate previous theories pertaining to this topic. In the case of Albert DeSalvo, a great mixture of psychology and criminology were applied in order to determine the motivation behind the individual’s criminal behavior, display theShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System Biased? Law Enforcement2004 Words   |  9 Pageslocation, and demographic or biographic descriptors of an offender based on the characteristics of a particular crime† (para.1). Simply explained, specialists such as crime scene investigators look at the crime and try to fit a suspect to that crime based on a number of factors. Those factors could be what the crime scene looks like, the victim, and the area where the crim e was committed. Based on those factors a profiler could predict who the offender may be and additional information regarding personality

The Correlation Between Domestic Violence And Post...

The Correlation Between Domestic Violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Domestic violence is a horrific circumstance that is an ongoing issue to the public health of the world. Affecting the lives of millions annually by psychologically crippling the minds of the affected through chronic exposure to abuse. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (2014), 1.3 million women are subjected to this devastating situation. â€Å"No such global estimate was applicable for men† (Trevillion, Oram, Feder, Howard, 2012). Stated by (Trevillion, Oram, Feder, Howard, 2012) that prolonged duration of an abusive relationship marks the onset and duration of mental disorders such as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. Women affected by continuous abuse by their partner are three to five times more likely to experience PTSD symptoms than the general population. (Rose et al., 2010). With time an abused women level of depression decrease with lessened abuse, but PTSD continues long after the abuse has stopped. According to Rose et al. (2010) â€Å"66% of the abused women continued to have symptoms of PTSD despite being absent from the abusive relationship for an average of nine years (range 2-23)†. Individuals particularly women affected by domestic violence indicate a high correlation of diagnosed PTSD clients. Justifying the need to give support to the victims of domestic violence and continue to seek further understanding of PTSD. By identifying children being exposedShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1448 Words   |  6 PagesHow does domestic violence between parents and parental figures affect the children who witness it? This is a question often asked by Sociologists and Psychologists alike. There have been studies that prove that children who witness domestic inter-parental violence experience mental health problems, issues with gender roles, substance abuse, the committing of crimes and suicide/suicide attempts later in their lives. This paper will explore all five of these effects of domestic violence on childrenRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment For War Veterans1564 Words   |  7 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder treatment for war veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that may develop after experiencing or seeing a traumatic or a brutal life threatening event. It is increasingly on the rise in war veterans. For those with PTSD only 53 percent have seen physicians or a mental health care provider. And for those who sought out care, roughly only 50 percent received adequate treatment when returning from combat. Although there are many treatmentsRead MoreDepression : The Most Common Type Of Mental Disorder1126 Words   |  5 Pagespartner violence in many families; however, the adverse effect of the abuse on its victims is more troubling (Kim Kahng, 2011). Depression is the most common type of mental disorder that victims of intimate partner violence suffer from (Kim Kahng, 2011). Statistics Canada (2014) reported that in addition to physical abuse, victims also suffer from psychological effects consistent with mental health disorders. Furthermore, the increase in psychological abuse in intimate partner violence increasesRead MoreBattered Women Syndrome1311 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is often perceived as males projecting physical abuse to female victims which overlooks the psychological abuse that they also experience (Carlson and Worden, 2005). Jill is a domestic violence survivor who filed a restraining order against her husband. 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Historically, the feminist movement preserved the theory that domestic violence is a growing matter because of the continuous power differential between the male gender and the female gender. Remarkably, this approach on domestic disputes unveiled the innerRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Abuse On The Lives Of People Around Them2774 Words   |  12 Pagesa form of domestic violence, which is all too common in American families. â€Å"Intimate partner violence is one of the most common causes of injury in women. In several large studies in US accident and emergency departments, 11-30% of injured women whose mechanisms of injury and relationship to the perpetrator had been recorded had been battered† (Campbell, 2002, p. 1331). In almost 20 percent of all marriages, couples slap, shove, hit, or otherwise assault each otherâ₠¬  (Domestic Violence, n.d.). Read MoreDomestic Violence and What It Takes to Break Free1301 Words   |  5 Pagestime!†, reports Lilly, a prior victim of domestic violence. Nevertheless, Lilly is not the only to have suffered from domestic violence. As a matter of fact, according to The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, â€Å"more than 1 in 3 women (35.6%) and more than 1 in four men (28.5%) in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime.†(2010, pg. 2) Many people find domestic violence difficult to understand because its usuallyRead MoreSocial Issues In The Glass Castle702 Words   |  3 Pageswere several different social issues to be presented in this movie (Cretton 2017). These issues that Jeannette has to overcome are the medical problems, the horrid living conditions, homeliness, the witness of alcohol abuse of her father, the domestic violence, sexual abuse of her brother, lack of education and the hunger the whole family faced. Poverty is referred to as the lack to provide for one person’s basic needs like food, medical attention, shelter and clothing. This movie really shows the

Accomplishing Goals Free Essays

Donnaree Allison I have always been told the choices I make now are going to determine my future. Everyone goes through a struggle and I have had my fair share, but no matter how hard I knew exactly what I wanted. I wanted to succeed. We will write a custom essay sample on Accomplishing Goals or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was struggling in High School and decided to give up. It didn’t take long for me to realize this is not what I wanted. By dropping out of High School I wasn’t succeeding. I thought to myself how could I accomplish any of the goals I set for myself? So I decided to enroll in Job Corps and attained my G. E. D within two months. That wasn’t enough. I wanted to go to college. Choosing a college was hard. Then it dawned on me what better college than the one my mom attended, and so I chose Monroe. Goal is a very important subject for me. I have already planned and completed some of my goals, which improved me a lot, however, my long time goals in the future are not easy as the past; it will take a longer time to complete and will be the most challenging mission for me, but with determination and hard work I will pull through. The first thing I am doing is complete my education. I plan to put my best foot forward excelling through each college course. I want to absorb as many learning opportunities and experiences as possible. In conclusion no matter how old or young one is; it is never too late or too early to start working towards an educational goal in becoming a college graduate! Like My Mother always said it is only the lack of belief in ourselves that stops us from achieving those things and it is only through our own understanding, ability and perseverance that we see them become realities until then, they are little more than visions in a crystal ball, with no chance of development. How to cite Accomplishing Goals, Essay examples

The Sacred and the Profane free essay sample

The Sacred and the Profane analyzes a wide variety of components that are found within various world religions. Eliade uses the history of religion to support his ideas as the the book itself is a brief introduction to religion as a whole, particulary the religions of primitive societies. Nonetheless, when looking to the past one can see that mankind’s desire to associate itself with the sacred has been occuring for thousands of years. From temples to passages of intiation, religious man is a unique microcosm that follows and repeats the structure of the religious macrocosm, the creation of the cosmos. One can conclude that Eliade views religion as the â€Å"paradigmatic solution for every existential crisis. † (p210) and furthermore, the solution that bridges the gap between this world and another, giving meaning and purpose to the profane existential life of mankind. From this standpoint, it can be determined that the belief of the sacred, specifically the paradigmatic making of the cosmos, does indeed set the framework for religious life in this world via sacred space, time, and experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sacred and the Profane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Space according to Eliade, can either be heterogeneous or homogenous. For the profane nonreligious man, it is obviously an endless homogenous plane with little meaning but for the religious man, it proves to be a sacred heterogeneous plane. Sacred space is founded on the idea of the cosmos emerging from the primordial chaos via the power of the gods. Religious man’s need to be in an â€Å"organized world† (p44) facilitates this notion of the cosmos being created and the establishing of sacred spaces to worship gods. Along with this, the desire to be at a specific part of the world sees humans choosing to be closer to their gods from the area which they believe the world was created, the center. Sacred spaces take shape from there, representing some form of identification to the gods and the heavens. Temples, altars, churches and similar structures are built to serve as sacred areas, particularly as a means to communicate with gods and to be in their presence. The want to be closer and within contact of the gods also extends to the foundation and settling of towns and villages, repeating the original creation of the cosmos. Building a mere house or dwelling symbolizes the cosmic creation again as it displays man’s religious want to be at the center of the world and nearer to his gods. Everything made or constructed is modeled after the forming of the cosmos, and thus evolves from the center outward. Sacred space then for mankind is â€Å"ritually reactualizing the paradigmatic act of Creation. † (p64) The overall function would be the acknowledgement of a real apprehensible world, made possible by the gods, and to recreate it, be it through a temple designed specifically to communicate with gods or within an individual’s home. Sacred space provides an area that is a tangible part of the cosmos yet also repeats the creation myth, tying mankind together with the gods. Sacred time then follows the creation of the cosmos and the moment upon which all life began and rose from the primordial chaos. Religious festivals and ceremonies symbolize this birth of the cosmos, specifically the celebration of the New Year. The annual repetition of creation (p77) symbolizes death and rebirth, a changing from old to new. When religious man participates in this event, he too becomes associated with the moment upon which the cosmos are again formed for the New Year by the gods and for he too is also born anew. p80) He is free of previous faults and his rebirth echoes that of the original cosmogonic myth. Festivals, ceremonies, and even pilgrimages help reiterate this idea, emphasizing on themes of rebirth, renewal, and keeping alive the cosmogonic myth as well as other myths and events which the gods and culture heroes did in the past. Repeating them again allows man to be closer to his gods and man’s nostalgia for the â€Å"time of origin. † (p94) Th is signifies a want to live alongside the gods, mainly around the time of creation when the world was pure and new. The participation in these events and overall repetition enforces the religious content and provides an optimistic vision of existence and eventual transcendence for the participant. It provides a break from a temporal and profane duration of time and into a sacred time of importance and meaning for a religion and its followers. Religious experience then would fall into the personal realm of man himself and how he perceives the world around him. Nature provides a chief component in primitive religious man’s view of the cosmos and his gods. The sky houses the gods, remote although it may be, natural phenomenon such as thunder and rain gave primitive and early religious man the reasoning to place his gods above him in the intangible heavens as such natural occurrences were due in part to the supernatural beings dwelling in the skies. Alongside the sky, the observation of the transition of the moon and sun (night and day) signify death and rebirth. Water too plays a symbolic part in human experience and although it has a powerful capability to destroy life, it also reiterates the cosmogonic cycle, especially with the practice of baptism where water renews life. p132) Earth itself is also linked to the human experience of child birth with females. The idea of a â€Å"Terra Mater† or mother earth (p138) symbolizes the idea of the earth reproducing its vegetation-based life in comparison to the experience of mother giving birth of her children. Physiological acts such as the sexual union of humans also is displayed in the religious forming of the natural world, the joining of both heaven (man) and earth (woman). The human body too with its physiological experiences also can be applied as a symbol to the cosmogonic myth. As in some Indian religions the spinal column represents the cosmic pillar and the heart or navel as the center of the world, all of which are previously established ideas that connect back to the cosmogonic myth. (p173) The anticipation and experience surrounding death also brings about unique beliefs that relate back to the cosmogonic myth of creation. Burials within the soil bring about the â€Å"religious experience of autochthony† (p140) along with rebirth and ensuring a continuation of the cycle of life. Other religions relate this with the idea that the deceased ascend to the sky, considering some rituals consist of cutting holes in the roof of a dwelling to allow souls to pass on through. (p179) Sacred experience also manifests itself in various rites of passage and initiation processes. Men and women’s societies combine religious elements with physiological experiences such as puberty and birth. Initiation and death also has this structure with the ultimate goal being rebirth after an individual has left this life after their death. They all follow the same structure of the cosmogonic myth in that it produces a spiritual rebirth, be it after a group initiation or the end of life itself. â€Å"Man constantly re-performs the cosmogony† (p197) and as such, will earn a new birth as result from their religion. Sacred space, time, and experience basically all compliment each other in that they follow the same structure of the cosmogonic myth. A continual cycle of birth, death, and rebirth is prevalent in all major religions. Sacred space connects humans with their gods via physical buildings, temples, towns, and other structures. The creation of sacred space is a microcosm to the bigger macrocosm of the cosmogonic myth. Sacred time emphasizes the â€Å"origin of time†, the moment the cosmos were created and the desire to celebrate and continue the rebirth of the New Year. Festivals and rituals help keep the myths alive as well as keeping humans synched in time with their gods via the myth. Sacred experiences then add the personal element to connecting with the gods and following the creation myths. This includes elements of nature, physiological experiences, and rites of passages on an individual level to bolster one’s spiritual life with the desired end result being a transcending rebirth. The functions they serve all essentially go directly back to the cosmogonic myth which provides the crucial framework for primitive religions and a foundation for modern religions too. The idea of having sacred space, time, and experiences gives a heightened sense of meaning, purpose, and connection to a religion.